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ER stress regulating protein phosphatase 2A-B56?, targeted by hepatitis B virus X protein, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of hepatocytes.

ABSTRACT: Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein contributes to the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatic injury and diseases, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Protein phosphatase 2?A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase involved in regulating many cellular phosphorylation signals that are important for regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Does HBx target to PP2A-B56? and therefore affect HBx-induced hepatotoxicity? In the present study, the expression of B56? positively correlated with the level of HBx in HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes in human-liver-chimeric mice, HBx-transgenic mice, HBV-infected cells, and HBx-expressing hepatic cells. B56? promoted p53/p21-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistically, B56? was transactivated by AP-1, which was under the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced CREBH signaling in HBx-expressing hepatic cells. B56? dephosphorylated p-Thr55-p53 to trigger p53/p21 pathway-dependent cell cycle G1 phase arrest, resulting in apoptosis of hepatic cells. In conclusion, this study provides a novel insight into a mechanism of B56? mediating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of HBx-expressing hepatic cells and a basis for B56? being a potential therapeutic target for HBV-infected hepatic cells.

SUBMITTER: He C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6037732 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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ER stress regulating protein phosphatase 2A-B56γ, targeted by hepatitis B virus X protein, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of hepatocytes.

He Chengyong C Qiu Yang Y Han Peiyu P Chen Yuanyuan Y Zhang Liyin L Yuan Quan Q Zhang Tianying T Cheng Tong T Yuan Lunzhi L Huang Chenghao C Zhang Sheng S Yin Zhenyu Z Peng Xian-E XE Liang Dong D Lin Xu X Lin Yuchun Y Lin Zhongning Z Xia Ningshao N

Cell death & disease 20180709 7

Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein contributes to the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatic injury and diseases, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase involved in regulating many cellular phosphorylation signals that are important for regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Does HBx target to PP2A-B56γ and therefore affect HBx-induced hepatotoxicity? In the present study, the expression of B56γ positively c ...[more]

PMID: 29988038

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Type 2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) enzymes are serine/threonine phosphatases which comprise a scaffold A subunit, a regulatory B subunit and a catalytic C subunit, and have been implicated in the dephosphorylation of multiple cardiac phosphoproteins. B subunits determine subcellular targeting, substrate specificity and catalytic activity, and can themselves be regulated by post-translational modifications. We explored potential ?-adrenergic regulation of PP2A in cardiomyocytes through phosphorylation of the regulatory B subunit isoform B56?. METHODS AND RESULTS:Phosphate affinity SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis revealed increased phosphorylation of B56? in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM) exposed to the ?-adrenergic receptor (?AR) agonist isoprenaline (ISO). Phosphorylation of B56? occurred at S573, primarily through stimulation of the ?1AR subtype, and was dependent on PKA activity. The functional role of the phosphorylation was explored in ARVM transduced with adenoviruses expressing wild type (WT) or non-phosphorylatable (S573A) B56?, fused to GFP at the N-terminus. C subunit expression was increased in ARVM expressing GFP-B56?-WT or GFP-B56?-S573A, both of which co-immunoprecipitated with endogenous C and A subunits. PP2A activity in cell lysates was increased in response to ISO in ARVM expressing GFP-B56?-WT but not GFP-B56?-S573A. Immunoblot analysis of the phosphoproteome in ARVM expressing GFP-B56?-WT or GFP-B56?-S573A with antibodies detecting (i) phospho-serine/threonine residues in distinct kinase substrate motifs or (ii) specific phosphorylated residues of functional importance in selected proteins revealed a comparable phosphorylation profile in the absence or presence of ISO stimulation. CONCLUSIONS:In cardiomyocytes, ?AR stimulation induces PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the PP2A regulatory subunit isoform B56? at S573, which increases associated PP2A catalytic activity. This is likely to regulate the phosphorylation status of specific B56?-PP2A substrates, which remain to be identified.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Wnt signaling is a key regulator of development and tumorigenesis. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which consists of a catalytic C, a structural A, and a regulatory B subunit, plays diverse roles in Wnt signaling through its B56 subunits. B56 is a multigene family encoding for proteins with a conserved core domain and divergent amino- and carboxy-termini. Ectopic B56alpha and B56gamma reduce beta-catenin abundance and B56alpha reduces Wnt-dependent transcription, suggesting that B56alpha and B56gamma inhibit Wnt signaling. In contrast, B56epsilon is required for Wnt signaling. Knowledge of where and when B56 subunits are expressed during Xenopus development will aid in our understanding of their roles in Wnt signaling. RESULTS: We have undertaken expression analyses of B56alpha and B56gamma in Xenopus laevis. We cloned Xenopus B56alpha; it is 88% identical to human B56alpha. Xenopus B56gamma is 94% identical with human B56gamma, however, a novel evolutionarily conserved mixed-isoform transcript was identified that contains a B56delta-like amino-terminal domain and a B56gamma core domain. The B56delta-like variable domain exon is located upstream of the B56gamma variable domain exon at the human B56gamma locus, suggesting that the mixed-isoform transcript is due to alternative splicing. B56gamma transcripts with different 3' ends were identified that lack or possess a 35 base pair sequence, resulting in either a transcript similar to human B56gamma1, or an uncharacterized evolutionarily conserved sequence. Real time RT-PCR analyses revealed that B56alpha is expressed at moderate levels before the midblastula transition (MBT), at reduced levels during gastrulation and neurulation, and at high levels during organogenesis, while B56gamma is expressed at low levels until organogenesis. B56alpha is enriched in the ventral hemisphere pre-MBT, while B56gamma is ventrally enriched post-MBT. Aalpha, Abeta, Calpha and Cbeta are expressed in early Xenopus development, suggesting the presence of a functional heterotrimer. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that B56 functional diversity is achieved in part through the synthesis of a novel mixed-isoform B56delta/gamma transcript. Our data also suggest that B56alpha functions pre-MBT, inhibiting Wnt signaling on the ventral side of the embryo, and again during organogenesis, while B56gamma functions primarily post-MBT.

Dataset Information

ER stress regulating protein phosphatase 2A-B56?, targeted by hepatitis B virus X protein, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of hepatocytes.

Publications

ER stress regulating protein phosphatase 2A-B56γ, targeted by hepatitis B virus X protein, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of hepatocytes.

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