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SELEX and SHAPE reveal that sequence motifs and an extended hairpin in the 5' portion of Turnip crinkle virus satellite RNA C mediate fitness in plants.

ABSTRACT: Noncoding RNAs use their sequence and/or structure to mediate function(s). The 5' portion (166 nt) of the 356-nt noncoding satellite RNA C (satC) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) was previously modeled to contain a central region with two stem-loops (H6 and H7) and a large connecting hairpin (H2). We now report that in vivo functional selection (SELEX) experiments assessing sequence/structure requirements in H2, H6, and H7 reveal that H6 loop sequence motifs were recovered at nonrandom rates and only some residues are proposed to base-pair with accessible complementary sequences within the 5' central region. In vitro SHAPE of SELEX winners indicates that the central region is heavily base-paired, such that along with the lower stem and H2 region, one extensive hairpin exists composing the entire 5' region. As these SELEX winners are highly fit, these characteristics facilitate satRNA amplification in association with TCV in plants.

SUBMITTER: Bayne CF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6042292 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

SELEX and SHAPE reveal that sequence motifs and an extended hairpin in the 5' portion of Turnip crinkle virus satellite RNA C mediate fitness in plants.

Bayne Charlie F CF Widawski Max E ME Gao Feng F Masab Mohammed H MH Chattopadhyay Maitreyi M Murawski Allison M AM Sansevere Robert M RM Lerner Bryan D BD Castillo Rinaldys J RJ Griesman Trevor T Fu Jiantao J Hibben Jennifer K JK Garcia-Perez Alma D AD Simon Anne E AE Kushner David B DB

Virology 20180601

Noncoding RNAs use their sequence and/or structure to mediate function(s). The 5' portion (166 nt) of the 356-nt noncoding satellite RNA C (satC) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) was previously modeled to contain a central region with two stem-loops (H6 and H7) and a large connecting hairpin (H2). We now report that in vivo functional selection (SELEX) experiments assessing sequence/structure requirements in H2, H6, and H7 reveal that H6 loop sequence motifs were recovered at nonrandom rates and on ...[more]

PMID: 29864677

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Project description:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) of virus origin accumulate in cells infected by many positive-strand (+) RNA viruses to bolster viral infectivity. Their biogenesis mostly utilizes exoribonucleases of host cells that degrade viral genomic or subgenomic RNAs in the 5'-to-3' direction until being stalled by well-defined RNA structures. Here, we report a viral lncRNA that is produced by a novel replication-dependent mechanism. This lncRNA corresponds to the last 283 nucleotides of the turnip crinkle virus (TCV) genome and hence is designated tiny TCV subgenomic RNA (ttsgR). ttsgR accumulated to high levels in TCV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana cells when the TCV-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), also known as p88, was overexpressed. Both (+) and (-) strand forms of ttsgR were produced in a manner dependent on the RdRp functionality. Strikingly, templates as short as ttsgR itself were sufficient to program ttsgR amplification, as long as the TCV-encoded replication proteins p28 and p88 were provided in trans. Consistent with its replicational origin, ttsgR accumulation required a 5' terminal carmovirus consensus sequence (CCS), a sequence motif shared by genomic and subgenomic RNAs of many viruses phylogenetically related to TCV. More importantly, introducing a new CCS motif elsewhere in the TCV genome was alone sufficient to cause the emergence of another lncRNA. Finally, abolishing ttsgR by mutating its 5' CCS gave rise to a TCV mutant that failed to compete with wild-type TCV in Arabidopsis. Collectively, our results unveil a replication-dependent mechanism for the biogenesis of viral lncRNAs, thus suggesting that multiple mechanisms, individually or in combination, may be responsible for viral lncRNA production. IMPORTANCE Many positive-strand (+) RNA viruses produce long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during the process of cellular infections and mobilize these lncRNAs to counteract antiviral defenses, as well as coordinate the translation of viral proteins. Most viral lncRNAs arise from 5'-to-3' degradation of longer viral RNAs being stalled at stable secondary structures. Here, we report a viral lncRNA that is produced by the replication machinery of turnip crinkle virus (TCV). This lncRNA, designated ttsgR, shares the terminal characteristics with TCV genomic and subgenomic RNAs and overaccumulates in the presence of moderately overexpressed TCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Furthermore, templates that are of similar sizes as ttsgR are readily replicated by TCV replication proteins (p28 and RdRp) provided from nonviral sources. In summary, this study establishes an approach for uncovering low abundance viral lncRNAs, and characterizes a replicating TCV lncRNA. Similar investigations on human-pathogenic (+) RNA viruses could yield novel therapeutic targets.

Dataset Information

SELEX and SHAPE reveal that sequence motifs and an extended hairpin in the 5' portion of Turnip crinkle virus satellite RNA C mediate fitness in plants.

Publications

SELEX and SHAPE reveal that sequence motifs and an extended hairpin in the 5' portion of Turnip crinkle virus satellite RNA C mediate fitness in plants.

Similar Datasets

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