Dataset Information

Effects of alcohol dependence on discrete choice between alcohol and saccharin.

ABSTRACT: Dependence on drugs has enduring effects on drug intake and relapse. The role of choice in enhanced susceptibility to drug use in drug dependence has been little studied. Here we determine the effects of alcohol dependence on the choice between alcohol and a non-drug reward, saccharin, using the discrete choice model in food-restricted male rats. We trained rats to self-administer alcohol (12% w/v) and saccharin (0.05, 0.1%), tested their choice of alcohol vs. saccharin, and determined the effects of deprivation and intertrial interval (ITI) duration on choice. We then determined the effects of alcohol dependence, induced by repeated intermittent exposure to alcohol vapor on choice of alcohol vs. saccharin (0.1%) in discrete choice trials as well as on the effects of adulteration of alcohol with quinine on choice. We trained another group of rats to self-administer intravenous (i.v.) nicotine (0.03?mg/kg/infusion) and oral saccharin (0.1%), determined their choice, and examined the roles of ITI duration and concurrent access on choice. Rats chose equivalent amounts of 0.05% saccharin and 12% alcohol, showed a stronger choice for 0.1% saccharin, and alcohol and saccharin choice were modestly decreased and increased, respectively, by deprivation. Alcohol dependence led to profound increases in the choice of alcohol over saccharin while adulteration of alcohol with quinine did not affect choice in non-dependent or dependent rats. Rats showed marked choice for 0.1% saccharin over i.v. nicotine. The strong effect that dependence had on alcohol choice is an important validation of the discrete choice procedure.

SUBMITTER: Russo M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6046058 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Effects of alcohol dependence on discrete choice between alcohol and saccharin.

Russo Melissa M Funk Douglas D Loughlin Andrew A Coen Kathleen K Lê A D AD

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 20180522 9

Dependence on drugs has enduring effects on drug intake and relapse. The role of choice in enhanced susceptibility to drug use in drug dependence has been little studied. Here we determine the effects of alcohol dependence on the choice between alcohol and a non-drug reward, saccharin, using the discrete choice model in food-restricted male rats. We trained rats to self-administer alcohol (12% w/v) and saccharin (0.05, 0.1%), tested their choice of alcohol vs. saccharin, and determined the effec ...[more]

PMID: 29875449

Similar Datasets

Project description:IntroductionAlcohol is among the most commonly used psychoactive drugs, yet it can produce markedly different subjective effects in different people. Certain effects, including both heightened stimulatory effects and lesser sedative effects, are thought to predict repeated or excessive use. However, we do not fully understand the nature of these individual differences or their relationships to alcohol consumption. This controlled laboratory study examined subjective and physiologic responses to a moderate dose of alcohol in social drinkers in relation to the subjects' decision to consume alcohol.MethodsHealthy adult volunteers (N = 95) participated in a 5-session double-blind alcohol choice study. On the first 4 sessions, they received alcohol (0.8 g/kg) and placebo in alternating order, and on the fifth session, they chose and consumed whichever of the 2 they preferred. During each session, participants completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES) questionnaires and had their vitals recorded every 30 minutes. We compared subjective and physiologic response to alcohol during the sampling sessions in participants who chose alcohol or placebo on session 5.ResultsOf the 95 participants, 55 chose alcohol (choosers) and 40 chose placebo (nonchoosers). In the full sample, alcohol produced its expected effects (e.g., increased friendliness, elation, and vigor (POMS), and stimulation and sedation (BAES)). The chooser and nonchooser groups did not differ in demographic characteristics, blood alcohol levels, or cardiovascular measures. However, the choosers experienced greater alcohol-induced increases in positive mood (POMS) and liked the drug more, whereas the nonchoosers experienced greater anger, anxiety (POMS), and sedation (BAES) after alcohol.ConclusionBoth greater positive mood effects and lesser sedative effects after alcohol predicted preference under controlled conditions, suggesting that both factors can predict future consumption of alcohol.

Project description:BackgroundThe tradition of consuming alcohol has long been a part of Italian culture and is responsible for a large health burden. This burden may be reduced with effective interventions, one of the more important of which is treatment for Alcohol Dependence (AD). The aim of this article is to estimate the burden of disease in Italy attributable to alcohol consumption, heavy alcohol consumption, and AD. An additional aim of this paper is to examine the effects of increasing the coverage of treatment for AD on the alcohol-attributable burden of disease.MethodsAlcohol-attributable deaths and the effects of treatments for AD were estimated using alcohol-attributable fractions and simulations. Deaths, potential years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability adjusted life years lost were obtained for 2004 for Italy and for the European Union from the Global Burden of Disease study. Alcohol consumption data were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. The prevalences of current drinkers, former drinkers, and lifetime abstainers were obtained from the GENder Alcohol and Culture International Study. The prevalence of AD was obtained from the World Mental Health Survey. Alcohol relative risks were obtained from various meta-analyses.Results5,320 deaths (1,530 female deaths; 3,790 male deaths) or 5.9% of all deaths (4.9% of all female deaths; 6.3% of all male deaths) of people 15 to 64 years of age were estimated to be alcohol-attributable. Of these deaths, 74.5% (61.3% for females; 79.8% for males) were attributable to heavy drinking, and 26.9% (25.6% for females; 27.5% for males) were attributable to AD. Increasing pharmacological AD treatment coverage to 40% would result in an estimated reduction of 3.3% (50 deaths/year) of all female and 7.6% (287 deaths/year) of all male alcohol-attributable deaths.ConclusionsAlcohol was responsible for a large proportion of the burden of disease in Italy in 2004. Increasing treatment coverage for AD in Italy could reduce that country's alcohol-attributable burden of disease.

Project description:We have previously shown that the administration of fenofibrate to high-drinker UChB rats markedly reduces voluntary ethanol intake. Fenofibrate is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist, which induces the proliferation of peroxisomes in the liver, leading to increases in catalase levels that result in acetaldehyde accumulation at aversive levels in the blood when animals consume ethanol. In these new studies, we aimed to investigate if the effect of fenofibrate on ethanol intake is produced exclusively in the liver (increasing catalase and systemic levels of acetaldehyde) or there might be additional effects at central level. High drinker rats (UChB) were allowed to voluntary drink 10% ethanol for 2 months. Afterward, a daily dose of fenofibrate (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (as control) was administered orally for 14 days. Voluntary ethanol intake was recorded daily. After that time, animals were deprived of ethanol access for 24 h and administered with an oral dose of ethanol (1 g/kg) for acetaldehyde determination in blood. Fenofibrate reduced ethanol voluntary intake by 60%, in chronically drinking rats, at the three doses tested. Acetaldehyde in the blood rose up to between 80 μM and 100 μM. Considering the reduction of ethanol consumption, blood acetaldehyde levels and body weight evolution, the better results were obtained at a dose of 50 mg fenofibrate/kg/day. This dose of fenofibrate also reduced the voluntary intake of 0.2% saccharin by 35% and increased catalase levels 2.5-fold in the liver but showed no effects on catalase levels in the brain. To further study if fenofibrate administration changes the motivational properties of ethanol, a conditioned-place preference experiment was carried out. Animals treated with fenofibrate (50 mg/kg/day) did not develop ethanol-conditioned place preference (CPP).In an additional experiment, chronically ethanol-drinking rats underwent two cycles of ethanol deprivation/re-access, and fenofibrate (50 mg/kg/day) was given only in deprivation periods; under this paradigm, fenofibrate was also able to generate a prolonged (30 days) decreasing of ethanol consumption, suggesting some effect beyond the acetaldehyde-generated aversion. In summary, reduction of ethanol intake by fenofibrate appears to be a consequence of a combination of catalase induction in the liver and central pharmacological effects.

Dataset Information

Effects of alcohol dependence on discrete choice between alcohol and saccharin.

Publications

Effects of alcohol dependence on discrete choice between alcohol and saccharin.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets