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Adolescents perceive a low added sugar adequate fiber diet to be more satiating and equally palatable compared to a high added sugar low fiber diet in a randomized-crossover design controlled feeding pilot trial.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:High added sugar (AS) intake is associated with obesity and poor diet quality. Guidelines recommended limiting AS to 5-10% of total energy intake, but palatability and feasibility of this AS intake level is uncertain. OBJECTIVE:To compare adolescents' perceptions of hunger, fullness, and palatability in response to a low AS adequate fiber (LASAF; 5% total energy from AS and 13.5?g fiber/1000?kcal) and a high AS low fiber (HASLF; 25% total energy form AS and 8.2?g/1000?kcal) diet. DESIGN:Adolescents (n?=?32, age: 15.3?±?1.6?yrs., BMI percentile: 47?±?4, 15 male) completed a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study. Participants consumed calorie-matched LASAF and HASLF diets for 7?days, separated by a 4?week washout. Body weight was monitored daily on each diet. Hunger, fullness, and palatability were assessed via 100?mm visual analogue scales at the end of each feeding period. Differences were assessed with paired sample t-tests. Data are expressed as mean?±?SD. RESULTS:Participants remained weight stable, and no difference in weight change between diet conditions was detected (LASAF: -0.06?±?0.7 vs. HASLF: -0.02?±?0.6?kg, p?=?0.751). Less hunger (LASAF: 24.1?±?14.6 vs. HASLF: 32.1?±?17.6?mm, p?=?0.024) and greater fullness (LASAF: 70.2?±?12.3 vs. HASLF: 61.3?±?18.1?mm, p?=?0.006) were reported on the LASAF compared to the HASLF. Participants reported the diets to be equally palatable (LASAF: 39.6?±?12.9 vs. HASLF: 37.2?±?17.8?mm, p?=?0.440). CONCLUSIONS:Adolescents perceive a LASAF diet to be as palatable as a HASLF diet, but more satiating. LASAF diets should be investigated as a strategy for weight control in adolescents.

SUBMITTER: Halliday TM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6047920 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adolescents perceive a low added sugar adequate fiber diet to be more satiating and equally palatable compared to a high added sugar low fiber diet in a randomized-crossover design controlled feeding pilot trial.

Halliday Tanya M TM Liu Sarah V SV Moore Lori B LB Hedrick Valisa E VE Davy Brenda M BM

Eating behaviors 20180505

<h4>Background</h4>High added sugar (AS) intake is associated with obesity and poor diet quality. Guidelines recommended limiting AS to 5-10% of total energy intake, but palatability and feasibility of this AS intake level is uncertain.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare adolescents' perceptions of hunger, fullness, and palatability in response to a low AS adequate fiber (LASAF; 5% total energy from AS and 13.5 g fiber/1000 kcal) and a high AS low fiber (HASLF; 25% total energy form AS and 8.2 g/1000 k ...[more]

PMID: 29751193

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Project description:BackgroundExcess added sugars, particularly from sugar-sweetened beverages, are a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration mandated the labeling of added sugar content on all packaged foods and beverages. Yet, the potential health impacts and cost-effectiveness of this policy remain unclear.MethodsA validated microsimulation model (US IMPACT Food Policy model) was used to estimate cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus cases averted, quality-adjusted life-years, policy costs, health care, informal care, and lost productivity (health-related) savings and cost-effectiveness of 2 policy scenarios: (1) implementation of the US Food and Drug Administration added sugar labeling policy (sugar label), and (2) further accounting for corresponding industry reformulation (sugar label+reformulation). The model used nationally representative demographic and dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, disease data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wonder Database, policy effects and diet-disease effects from meta-analyses, and policy and health-related costs from established sources. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis accounted for model parameter uncertainties and population heterogeneity.ResultsBetween 2018 and 2037, the sugar label would prevent 354 400 cardiovascular disease (95% uncertainty interval, 167 000-673 500) and 599 300 (302 400-957 400) diabetes mellitus cases, gain 727 000 (401 300-1 138 000) quality-adjusted life-years, and save $31 billion (15.7-54.5) in net healthcare costs or $61.9 billion (33.1-103.3) societal costs (incorporating reduced lost productivity and informal care costs). For the sugar label+reformulation scenario, corresponding gains were 708 800 (369 200-1 252 000) cardiovascular disease cases, 1.2 million (0.7-1.7) diabetes mellitus cases, 1.3 million (0.8-1.9) quality-adjusted life-years, and $57.6 billion (31.9-92.4) and $113.2 billion (67.3-175.2), respectively. Both scenarios were estimated with >80% probability to be cost saving by 2023.ConclusionsImplementing the US Food and Drug Administration added sugar labeling policy could generate substantial health gains and cost savings for the US population.

Project description:BACKGROUND:We found marked improvement of glucose tolerance and lower dietary energy intake in ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients after advice to follow a Paleolithic diet, as compared to a Mediterranean-like diet. We now report findings on subjective ratings of satiety at meals and data on the satiety hormone leptin and the soluble leptin receptor from the same study. METHODS:Twenty-nine male IHD patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes type 2, and waist circumference > 94 cm, were randomized to ad libitum consumption of a Paleolithic diet (n = 14) based on lean meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, root vegetables, eggs, and nuts, or a Mediterranean-like diet (n = 15) based on whole grains, low-fat dairy products, vegetables, fruit, fish, and oils and margarines during 12 weeks. In parallel with a four day weighed food record the participants recorded their subjective rating of satiety. Satiety Quotients were calculated, as the intra-meal quotient of change in satiety during meal and consumed energy or weight of food and drink for that specific meal. Leptin and leptin receptor was measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. Free leptin index was calculated as the ratio leptin/leptin receptor. RESULTS:The Paleolithic group were as satiated as the Mediterranean group but consumed less energy per day (5.8 MJ/day vs. 7.6 MJ/day, Paleolithic vs. Mediterranean, p = 0.04). Consequently, the quotients of mean change in satiety during meal and mean consumed energy from food and drink were higher in the Paleolithic group (p = 0.03). Also, there was a strong trend for greater Satiety Quotient for energy in the Paleolithic group (p = 0.057). Leptin decreased by 31% in the Paleolithic group and by 18% in the Mediterranean group with a trend for greater relative decrease of leptin in the Paleolithic group. Relative changes in leptin and changes in weight and waist circumference correlated significantly in the Paleolithic group (p < 0.001) but not in the Mediterranean group. Changes in leptin receptor and free leptin index were not significant. CONCLUSIONS:A Paleolithic diet is more satiating per calorie than a Mediterranean-like diet. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00419497.

Project description:BackgroundObesity prevalence remains high in the United States, and there is an increased risk among women who do not lose their gestational weight gain during the postpartum period. Indicators of dietary carbohydrate quality including added sugar consumption, glycemic load, and glycemic index have been linked with weight gain, whereas fiber may protect against obesity. However, these dietary factors have not been examined during the postpartum period.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether dietary sugars and fiber intake were associated with changes in postpartum weight.MethodsWe examined Hispanic women from the longitudinal Southern California Mother's Milk Study (n = 99) at 1 and 6 mo postpartum. Maternal assessments included height, weight, and dietary intake based on 24-h diet recalls. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the relation between maternal diet and change in postpartum weight after adjusting for maternal age, height, and energy intake.ResultsHigher intake of added sugar was associated with postpartum weight gain (β: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.10; P = 0.05). In addition, a half 8-ounce (8 fluid ounces = 236.6 mL) serving per day increase in soft drinks was associated with a 1.52-kg increase in weight (95% CI: 0.70, 2.34 kg; P < 0.001). A high glycemic index (β: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.42; P = 0.006) and glycemic load (β: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.08; P = 0.04) were associated with postpartum weight gain. Higher soluble fiber was associated with a decrease in postpartum weight (β: -0.82 kg; 95% CI: -1.35, -0.29 kg; P = 0.003) and the negative effects of added sugar, sugary beverages, and high-glycemic-index and -load diets were partially attenuated after adjusting for soluble fiber intake.ConclusionsIncreased consumption of added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages, and high-glycemic diets were associated with greater weight gain in the first 6 mo postpartum. In addition, increased consumption of soluble fiber was associated with postpartum weight loss, which may partially offset the obesogenic effects of some dietary sugars.

Dataset Information

Adolescents perceive a low added sugar adequate fiber diet to be more satiating and equally palatable compared to a high added sugar low fiber diet in a randomized-crossover design controlled feeding pilot trial.

Publications

Adolescents perceive a low added sugar adequate fiber diet to be more satiating and equally palatable compared to a high added sugar low fiber diet in a randomized-crossover design controlled feeding pilot trial.

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