Dataset Information

Impact of Edible Cricket Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults, a Double-blind, Randomized Crossover Trial.

ABSTRACT: Edible insects are often considered a nutritious, protein-rich, environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional livestock with growing popularity among North American consumers. While the nutrient composition of several insects is characterized, all potential health impacts have not been evaluated. In addition to high protein levels, crickets contain chitin and other fibers that may influence gut health. In this study, we evaluated the effects of consuming 25 grams/day whole cricket powder on gut microbiota composition, while assessing safety and tolerability. Twenty healthy adults participated in this six-week, double-blind, crossover dietary intervention. Participants were randomized into two study arms and consumed either cricket-containing or control breakfast foods for 14 days, followed by a washout period and assignment to the opposite treatment. Blood and stool samples were collected at baseline and after each treatment period to assess liver function and microbiota changes. Results demonstrate cricket consumption is tolerable and non-toxic at the studied dose. Cricket powder supported growth of the probiotic bacterium, Bifidobacterium animalis, which increased 5.7-fold. Cricket consumption was also associated with reduced plasma TNF-?. These data suggest that eating crickets may improve gut health and reduce systemic inflammation; however, more research is needed to understand these effects and underlying mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Stull VJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6050247 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of Edible Cricket Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults, a Double-blind, Randomized Crossover Trial.

Stull Valerie J VJ Finer Elijah E Bergmans Rachel S RS Febvre Hallie P HP Longhurst Colin C Manter Daniel K DK Patz Jonathan A JA Weir Tiffany L TL

Scientific reports 20180717 1

Edible insects are often considered a nutritious, protein-rich, environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional livestock with growing popularity among North American consumers. While the nutrient composition of several insects is characterized, all potential health impacts have not been evaluated. In addition to high protein levels, crickets contain chitin and other fibers that may influence gut health. In this study, we evaluated the effects of consuming 25 grams/day whole cricket powde ...[more]

PMID: 30018370

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Project description:Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in healthy individuals. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 106 healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (containing Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 1.5 × 108 CFU/d, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 7.5 × 107 CFU/d, and fructooligosaccharide 500 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks. Immune parameters and gut microbiota composition were measured at baseline, mid, and end of the study. Compared to the placebo group, participants receiving synbiotic supplementation exhibited greater reductions in plasma C-reactive protein (P = 0.088) and interferon-gamma (P = 0.008), along with larger increases in plasma interleukin (IL)-10 (P = 0.008) and stool secretory IgA (sIgA) (P = 0.014). Additionally, synbiotic supplementation led to an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Collinsella) and several functional pathways related to amino acids and short-chain fatty acids biosynthesis, whereas reduced potential pro-inflammatory Parabacteroides compared to baseline. Importantly, alternations in anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and sIgA) were significantly correlated with microbial variations triggered by synbiotic supplementation. Stratification of participants into two enterotypes based on pre-treatment Prevotella-to-Bacteroides (P/B) ratio revealed a more favorable effect of synbiotic supplements in individuals with a higher P/B ratio. In conclusion, this study suggested the beneficial effects of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters, which were correlated with synbiotics-induced microbial changes and modified by microbial enterotypes. These findings provided direct evidence supporting the personalized supplementation of synbiotics for immunomodulation.

Project description:IntroductionWithania somnifera (WS) or ashwagandha is an adaptogenic plant used extensively in traditional medicines and as a food supplement. Despite a long history of use and numerous clinical trials, the human pharmacokinetics of withanolides, the active phytochemicals in WS extracts, have not been fully evaluated. This study evaluated the oral pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of active withanolides in human plasma after administration of a single dose of two commercial ashwagandha extracts containing equal amounts of total withanolides.MethodsThis randomized, double-blind, single-dose crossover study of 16 healthy human volunteers evaluated the acute oral bioavailability of withanolides and the bioequivalence of two WS extracts, WS-35 and WS-2.5. WS-35 was standardized to total withanolides not less than 40% comprising not less than 35% withanolide glycosides and WS-2.5 was standardized to 2.5% withanolides. The clinical dosages were normalized to 185 mg of total withanolide in each extract at the bioequivalent dosages. The pharmacokinetic parameters of withanolide A, withanoside IV, withaferin A, and total withanolides were quantified in the blood plasma using a validated LC-MS/MS method.ResultsThe half-life, C-max, and mean residence time of the total withanolides were 5.18, 5.62 and 4.13 times significantly higher and had lower systemic clearance with WS-35 than with WS-2.5 extract. Considering the plasma AUC 0-inf of total withanolides per mg of each WS extract administered orally, WS-35 was 280.74 times more bioavailable than WS-2.5.ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the importance of withanolide glycosides in improving the pharmacokinetics of WS extracts. Owing to its superior pharmacokinetic profile, WS-35, with 35% withanolide glycosides, is a promising candidate for further studies on Withania somnifera.Clinical trial registrationCTRI/2020/10/028397 [registered on:13/10/2020] (Trial prospectively registered) http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=42149&EncHid=&userName=CTRI/2020/10/028397.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely consumed by humans due to their apparent innocuity, especially sucralose. However, several studies link sucralose consumption to weight gain and metabolic derangements, although data are still contradictory. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of acute and chronic consumption of sucralose on insulin and glucose profiles in young healthy adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in healthy young adults from 18 to 35?years old, without insulin resistance. A hundred thirty seven participants were randomized into three groups: a) volunteers receiving 48?mg sucralose, b) volunteers receiving 96?mg sucralose, and c) controls receiving water as placebo. All participants underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) preceded by consuming sucralose or placebo 15?min before glucose load, at two time points: week zero (Wk0) and week ten (Wk10). Serum insulin and glucose were measured every 15?min during both OGTTs. RESULTS:Compared to Wk0, consumption of sucralose for 10?weeks provoked 1) increased insulin concentrations at 0?min (7.5?±?3.4 vs 8.8?±?4.1 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.01), 30?min (91.3?±?56.2 vs 110.1?±?49.4 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.05), 105?min (47.7?±?24.4 vs 64.3?±?48.2 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.04) and 120?min (44.8?±?22.1 vs 63.1?±?47.8 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.01) in the 48?mg sucralose group; 2) increased blood glucose at -?15?min (87.9?±?4.6 vs 91.4?±?5.4?mg/dL; p?=?0.003), 0?min (88.7?±?4 vs 91.3?±?6?mg/dL; p?=?0.04) and 120?min (95.2?±?23.7 vs 106.9?±?19.5?mg/dL; p?=?0.009) in the 48?mg sucralose group; 3) increased area under the curve (AUC) of insulin in both 48 and 96?mg sucralose groups (9262 vs 11,398; p?=?0.02 and 6962 vs 8394; p?=?0.12, respectively); and 4) reduced Matsuda index in the 48?mg sucralose group (6.04?±?3.19 vs 4.86?±?2.13; p?=?0.01). CONCLUSIONS:These data show that chronic consumption of sucralose can affect insulin and glucose responses in non-insulin resistant healthy young adults with normal body mass index (between 18.5 and 24.9?kg/m2), however, the effects are not consistent with dose; further research is required. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY:NCT03703141.

Project description:Abstract Objectives Lactase persistence (LP) is a heritable trait in which lactose can be digested into adulthood. Lactase non-persisters (LNP) who consume lactose may experience microbial adaptations in response to the undigested lactose. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction between lactose consumption, LP genotype and gut microbiota in an observational cross-sectional study of healthy U.S. adults. Methods ASA24 dietary data and stool samples were collected from healthy U.S. adults genotyped for the lactase persistence SNP ID: rs4988235 (n = 280). Lactose was estimated by matching ASA24-reported foods to foods in the Nutrition Coordinating Center Food and Nutrient Database. The 16S rRNA V4/V5 region, amplified from bacterial DNA extracted from each frozen stool sample, was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq (300bp PE) and analyzed using Qiime 2 (v 2019.10). Bacterial sequence counts present at greater than 0.1% of the total data set were analyzed using DESeq2 and LEfSe. Taxa that were differentially abundant by both analyses at the family or genus level are reported here. Results On average 246 ng/uL (3.9 – 646.5ng/uL) DNA was obtained from each sample, yielding 21,470 sequences (10,122 – 56,837). LP genotypes were unevenly distributed by ethnicity and Clostridium (family Lachnospiraceae) was significantly enriched in Asian ethnicities. Therefore, only Caucasian and Hispanic participants were grouped as LP (AA or AG genotype) or LNP (GG genotype) for further analysis. The abundance of Roseburia and family Lachnospriaceae was higher in the upper (>12.4g), relative to lower (< 5.78g), tertile of lactose consumption in LNP adults, but not in LP. Conclusions Increased abundance of Roseburia, a microbe capable of utilizing lactose, in LNP individuals consuming >12.4 g lactose/day suggests that this genus may metabolize lactose in LNP adults. Funding Sources The California Dairy Research Foundation and the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.

Dataset Information

Impact of Edible Cricket Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults, a Double-blind, Randomized Crossover Trial.

Publications

Impact of Edible Cricket Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults, a Double-blind, Randomized Crossover Trial.

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