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Plasma ?-3 fatty acids in pregnancy are inversely associated with postpartum weight retention in a multiethnic Asian cohort.

ABSTRACT: Background: Studies have demonstrated associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and adiposity. It is unclear whether PUFAs in pregnancy have an effect on maternal weight retention after childbirth, which can contribute to long-term obesity.Objective: We examined the association of maternal plasma PUFAs in pregnancy with 18-mo postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in a multiethnic Asian cohort.Design: We studied pregnant women (n = 653) recruited between June 2009 and September 2010 from a prospective cohort. At 26-28 wk of gestation, plasma phosphatidylcholine PUFA concentrations were measured and determined as percentages of total fatty acids (FAs). PPWR was calculated based on the difference between measured weight at the first antenatal clinic visit and at 18 mo postpartum.Results: The median retained weight of women was 0.90 kg (IQR: -1.40, 3.25) at 18 mo postpartum. Of 653 women, 544 women (83.3%) had PPWR of <5 kg and 109 (16.7%) had PPWR of ?5 kg. In adjusted linear regression models, higher plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total ?-3 (n-3) PUFA concentrations were associated with lower PPWR [EPA: ? = -0.62 kg/1% increase of total FAs (95% CI: -1.18, -0.05); DHA: ? = -0.24 kg/1% increase (95% CI: -0.45, -0.02); total ?-3 PUFAs: ? = -0.20 kg/1% increase (95% CI: -0.36, -0.03)], whereas a higher ratio of plasma ?-6-to-?-3 PUFAs was associated with a higher PPWR [? = 0.21 kg/unit increase (95% CI: 0.05, 0.36)].Conclusions: Higher plasma percentages of ?-3 PUFAs and a lower ratio of ?-6-to-?-3 PUFAs in the late-second trimester of pregnancy are associated with less weight retention at 18 mo postpartum. This may offer an alternative strategy to assist postpartum weight reduction by increasing EPA and DHA status together with a decreased ratio of ?-6-to-?-3 PUFA through diet or fish-oil supplementation during pregnancy. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.

SUBMITTER: Loy SL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6057605 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plasma ω-3 fatty acids in pregnancy are inversely associated with postpartum weight retention in a multiethnic Asian cohort.

Loy See Ling SL Ng Michelle Jia Hui MJH Cheung Yin Bun YB Godfrey Keith M KM Calder Philip C PC Lek Ngee N Yap Fabian F Müller-Riemenschneider Falk F Natarajan Padmapriya P Chong Yap-Seng YS Tan Kok Hian KH Shek Lynette Pei-Chi LP Chong Mary Foong-Fong MF Chan Jerry Kok Yen JKY

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20170322 5

Background: Studies have demonstrated associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and adiposity. It is unclear whether PUFAs in pregnancy have an effect on maternal weight retention after childbirth, which can contribute to long-term obesity.Objective: We examined the association of maternal plasma PUFAs in pregnancy with 18-mo postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in a multiethnic Asian cohort.Design: We studied pregnant women (n = 653) recruited between Ju ...[more]

PMID: 28330907

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Project description:BACKGROUND:An understanding of the dietary behaviors linked to substantial postpartum weight retention, particularly in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM), is warranted to focus intervention efforts to prevent future type 2 diabetes. This study evaluates the relationship between dietary food intake at 6-9 weeks postpartum (baseline) and odds of substantial postpartum weight retention (? 5 kg) at 1-year in women with GDM. METHODS:The Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes after GDM pregnancy (SWIFT) is a prospective multi-ethnic cohort (75% minority) of 1035 women (aged 20-45 years) with recent GDM who delivered a singleton, live birth (?35 weeks gestation) and underwent 2-h 75 g OGTTs, anthropometric measurements and other assessments at 6-9 weeks postpartum (baseline) and annually thereafter. Eight hundred and eighty-eight women without diabetes at baseline completed the 18-item PrimeScreen to assess dietary intake and the 13-item Caffeine Survey to assess beverage intake, and completed 1-year follow-up. Average postpartum weight retention was calculated (1-year postpartum weight minus pre-pregnancy weight). Multivariable logistic regression models that estimated baseline dietary intake and odds of substantial postpartum weight retention (SPPWR ?5 kg above pre-pregnancy weight) versus not SPPWR adjusted for numerous clinical, sociodemographic and behavioral covariates. RESULTS:Compared to eating no fried foods, women who reported eating fried foods ?5 servings/wk. (n = 32) and 2-4 serv/wk. (n = 208), respectively, had a three-fold and two-fold higher odds of SPPWR (OR = 3.38, 95% CI:1.36-8.38, P = 0.009; OR = 1.99, 95% CI:1.30-3.03, P = 0.02), after adjustment for covariates and other foods and soda intake. Soda intake ?2 serv/wk. versus none was associated with higher odds of SPPWR (OR = 1.95, 95% CI:1.22-3.11, P = 0.005) adjusted for fried foods and covariates, but was attenuated (OR = 1.61,95% CI:0.98-2.66, p = 0.06) after addition of whole eggs and processed meats. CONCLUSIONS:These findings indicate that interventions should focus on reducing fried foods and soda intake during early postpartum periods to reduce substantial postpartum weight retention in high-risk women with GDM. TRIAL REGISTRATION:NCT01967030; October 2013, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Health and Human Development (NICHD).

Dataset Information

Plasma ?-3 fatty acids in pregnancy are inversely associated with postpartum weight retention in a multiethnic Asian cohort.

Publications

Plasma ω-3 fatty acids in pregnancy are inversely associated with postpartum weight retention in a multiethnic Asian cohort.

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