Dataset Information

Electrocardiographic findings in 130 hospitalized neonatal calves with diarrhea and associated potassium balance disorders.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Hyperkalemia in neonatal diarrheic calves can potentially result in serious cardiac conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias.

Objectives

To document electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and the sequence of ECG changes that are associated with increasing plasma potassium concentrations (cK⁺ ) in a large population of neonatal diarrheic calves.

Animals

One hundred and thirty neonatal diarrheic calves (age ?21 days).

Methods

Prospective observational study involving calves admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital.

Results

Hyperkalemic calves (cK⁺ : 5.8-10.2, blood pH: 6.55-7.47) had significantly (P?+ within the reference range. The first ECG changes in response to an increase in cK⁺ were an increase in voltages of P, Ta, S, and T wave amplitudes. Segmented linear regression indicated that P wave amplitude decreased when cK⁺ >6.5 mmol/L, S wave amplitude voltage decreased when cK⁺ >7.4 mmol/L, QRS duration increased when cK⁺ >7.8 mmol/L, J point amplitude increased when cK⁺ >7.9 mmol/L, and ST segment angle increased when cK⁺ >9.1 mmol/L. P wave amplitude was characterized by a second common break point at cK⁺ ?=?8.2 mmol/L, above which value the amplitude was 0.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Hyperkalemia in neonatal diarrheic calves is associated with serious cardiac conduction abnormalities. In addition to increased S and T wave amplitude voltages, alterations of P and Ta wave amplitudes are early signs of hyperkalemia, which is consistent with the known sensitivity of atrial myocytes to increased cK⁺ .

SUBMITTER: Trefz FM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6060331 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Electrocardiographic findings in 130 hospitalized neonatal calves with diarrhea and associated potassium balance disorders.

Trefz Florian M FM Lorenz Ingrid I Constable Peter D PD

Journal of veterinary internal medicine 20180626 4

<h4>Background</h4>Hyperkalemia in neonatal diarrheic calves can potentially result in serious cardiac conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias.<h4>Objectives</h4>To document electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and the sequence of ECG changes that are associated with increasing plasma potassium concentrations (cK<sup>+</sup> ) in a large population of neonatal diarrheic calves.<h4>Animals</h4>One hundred and thirty neonatal diarrheic calves (age ≤21 days).<h4>Methods</h4>Prospective observationa ...[more]

PMID: 29943868

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Project description:Microbiota plays a critical role in the overall growth performance and health status of dairy cows, especially during their early life. Several studies have reported that fecal microbiome of neonatal calves is shifted by various factors such as diarrhea, antibiotic treatment, or environmental changes. Despite the importance of gut microbiome, a lack of knowledge regarding the composition and functions of microbiota impedes the development of new strategies for improving growth performance and disease resistance during the neonatal calf period. In this study, we utilized next-generation sequencing to monitor the time-dependent dynamics of the gut microbiota of dairy calves before weaning (1-8 weeks of age) and further investigated the microbiome changes caused by diarrhea. Metagenomic analysis revealed that continuous changes, including increasing gut microbiome diversity, occurred from 1 to 5 weeks of age. However, the composition and diversity of the fecal microbiome did not change after 6 weeks of age. The most prominent changes in the fecal microbiome composition caused by aging at family level were a decreased abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae and an increased abundance of Prevotellaceae. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis indicated that the abundance of microbial genes associated with various metabolic pathways changed with aging. All calves with diarrhea symptoms showed drastic microbiome changes and about a week later returned to the microbiome of pre-diarrheal stage regardless of age. At phylum level, abundance of Bacteroidetes was decreased (p = 0.09) and that of Proteobacteria increased (p = 0.07) during diarrhea. PICRUSt analysis indicated that microbial metabolism-related genes, such as starch and sucrose metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, alanine aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were significantly altered in diarrheal calves. Together, these results highlight the important implications of gut microbiota in gut metabolism and health status of neonatal dairy calves.

Project description:After birth, a newborn calf has to adapt to an extrauterine life characterized by several physiological changes. In particular, maturation of the gastrointestinal tract in a new environment loaded with potential pathogens, which can predispose neonatal calves to develop diarrhea, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during the first 4 wks of life. We aimed to investigate the inflammatory adaptations at a transcriptomic level in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to a mild diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves using RNA isolated from fresh fecal samples. Eight newborn Jersey male calves were used from birth to 5 wks of age and housed in individual pens. After birth, calves received 1.9 L of colostrum from their respective dams. Calves had ad-libitum access to water and starter grain (22% CP) and were fed twice daily a total of 5.6 L pasteurized whole milk. Starter intake, body weight (BW), fecal score, withers height (WH), and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected weekly for metabolic and inflammatory profiling from wk 0 to wk 5. Fresh fecal samples were collected weekly and immediately flash frozen until RNA was extracted using a Trizol-based method, and subsequently, an RT-qPCR analysis was performed. Orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate linear or quadratic effects over time. Starter intake, BW, and WH increased over time. Fecal score was greatest (2.6 ± 0.3) during wk 2. The concentrations of IL-6, ceruloplasmin, and haptoglobin had a positive quadratic effect with maximal concentrations during wk 2, which corresponded to the maximal fecal score observed during the same time. The concentration of serum amyloid A decreased over time. The mRNA expression of the proinflammatory related genes TLR4, TNFA, IL8, and IL1B had a positive quadratic effect of time. A time effect was observed for the cell membrane sodium-dependent glucose transporter SLC5A1, for the major carbohydrate facilitated transporter SLC2A2, and water transport function AQP3, where SLC5A1 and AQP3 had a negative quadratic effect over time. Our data support the use of the fecal RNA as a noninvasive tool to investigate intestinal transcriptomic profiling of dairy calves experiencing diarrhea, which would be advantageous for future research including nutritional effects and health conditions.

Dataset Information

Electrocardiographic findings in 130 hospitalized neonatal calves with diarrhea and associated potassium balance disorders.

Background

Objectives

Animals

Methods

Results

Conclusions and clinical importance

Publications

Electrocardiographic findings in 130 hospitalized neonatal calves with diarrhea and associated potassium balance disorders.

Similar Datasets

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