Dataset Information

Whole-body nitrogen utilization and tissue protein and casein synthesis in lactating primiparous sows fed low- and high-protein diets.

ABSTRACT: Twenty-eight lactating Yorkshire and Yorkshire × Landrace primiparous sows were used to test the hypothesis that feeding a diet with reduced CP concentration and supplemented with crystalline AA (CAA) does not decrease milk protein yield and litter growth but improves apparent N utilization for milk protein production. Sows were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: 1) control (CON; 16.2% CP; analyzed content) or 2) low CP with CAA to meet estimated requirements of limiting AA (LCP; 12.7% CP) over a 17-d lactation period. A N balance was conducted for each sow between days 13 and 17 of lactation. On day 17, a 12-h primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-2H5]-Phe was conducted on 12 sows (n = 6) with serial blood and milk sampling to determine plasma AA concentrations and Phe enrichment, and milk casein synthesis, respectively. Thereafter, sows were sacrificed and tissues were collected to determine tissue protein fractional synthesis rates (FSR). Litter growth rate and milk composition did not differ. Sows fed the LCP diet had reduced N intake (122.7 vs. 153.2 g/d; P < 0.001) and maternal N retention (13.5 vs. 24.6 g/d; P < 0.05) and greater apparent efficiency of using dietary N intake for milk production (85.1% vs. 67.5%; P < 0.001). On day 17 of lactation, all plasma essential AA concentrations exhibited a quartic relationship over time relative to consumption of a meal, where peaks occurred at approximately 1- and 4-h postprandial (P < 0.05). Protein FSR in liver, LM, gastrocnemius muscle, mammary gland, and in milk caseins did not differ between treatments. Feeding primiparous sows with a diet containing 12.7% CP and supplemented with CAA to meet the limiting AA requirements did not reduce milk protein yield or piglet growth rate and increased the apparent utilization of dietary N, Arg, Leu, Phe+Tyr, and Trp for milk protein production. The improved apparent utilization of N and AA appears to be related exclusively to a reduction in N and AA intake.

SUBMITTER: Huber LA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6095440 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Whole-body nitrogen utilization and tissue protein and casein synthesis in lactating primiparous sows fed low- and high-protein diets.

Huber Lee-Anne LA Rudar Marko M Trottier Nathalie L NL Cant John P JP de Lange Cornelis F M CFM

Journal of animal science 20180601 6

Twenty-eight lactating Yorkshire and Yorkshire × Landrace primiparous sows were used to test the hypothesis that feeding a diet with reduced CP concentration and supplemented with crystalline AA (CAA) does not decrease milk protein yield and litter growth but improves apparent N utilization for milk protein production. Sows were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: 1) control (CON; 16.2% CP; analyzed content) or 2) low CP with CAA to meet estimated requirements of limiting AA (LCP; 12.7% CP) o ...[more]

PMID: 29471322

Similar Datasets

Project description:Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are considered as a promising technique to improve animal productivity without affecting animal health or harming the environment. The potential of three bacterial DFM to reduce methane (CH4) emissions, modulate ruminal fermentation, milk production and composition of primiparous dairy cows was examined in this study. As previous reports have shown that DFM respond differently to different diets, two contrasting diets were used in this study. Eight lactating primiparous cows were randomly divided into two groups that were fed a corn silage-based, high-starch diet (HSD) or a grass silage-based, high-fiber diet (HFD). Cows in each dietary group were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The bacterial DFM used were selected for their proven CH4-reducing effect in vitro. Treatments included control (without DFM) and 3 DFM treatments: Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W (2.9 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/cow per day), Lactobacillus pentosus D31 (3.6 × 1011 CFU/cow per day) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 (4.6 × 1010 CFU/cow per day). Each experimental period included 4 weeks of treatment and 1 week of wash-out, with measures performed in the fourth week of the treatment period. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured during 3 consecutive days using respiration chambers. Rumen samples were collected for ruminal fermentation parameters and quantitative microbial analyses. Milk samples were collected for composition analysis. Body weight of cows were recorded at the end of each treatment period. Irrespective of diet, no mitigating effect of DFM was observed on CH4 emissions in dairy cows. In contrast, Propionibacterium increased CH4 intensity by 27% (g CH4/kg milk) in cows fed HSD. There was no effect of DFM on other fermentation parameters and on bacterial, archaeal and protozoal numbers. Similarly, the effect of DFM on milk fatty acid composition was negligible. Propionibacterium and L. pentosus DFM tended to increase body weight gain with HSD. We conclude that, contrary to the effect previously observed in vitro, bacterial DFM Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W, Lactobacillus pentosus D31 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 did not alter ruminal fermentation and failed to reduce CH4 emissions in lactating primiparous cows fed high-starch or high-fiber diets.

Project description:Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL) play important roles in milk protein synthesis, and their plasma concentrations were reported to be affected by dietary protein intake. To investigate the relationship between circulating amino acid (AA) and concentrations of these hormones, 18 Wistar rats aged 14 wk were assigned to a low (LP; 9% protein), standard (SP; 21% protein), or high-protein (HP; 35% protein) diet from parturition through day 15 of lactation. Plasma, liver, pituitary gland, skeletal muscle, and mammary gland samples were collected at the end of treatment. Circulating and hepatic IGF-I concentrations increased linearly with elevated dietary protein concentrations (P < 0.0001). Rats receiving the HP diet had higher circulating GH (P < 0.01) and pituitary PRL concentrations (P < 0.0001) but lower pituitary GH concentration (P < 0.0001) relative to those in rats receiving the LP and SP diets. Pearson correlation test performed on composed data across treatments showed that several circulating AAs were correlated with circulating and tissue concentrations of IGF-I, GH, and PRL. Multiple linear regression analyses identified Leu, Gln, Ala, Gly, and Arg as the main AAs associated with hormone responses (R2 = 0.37 ~ 0.80; P < 0.05). Rats fed the LP and HP diets had greater Igf1 and Ghr gene expression in skeletal muscle than those fed the SP diets (P < 0.01). However, LP treatment decreased Prlr mRNA abundance in mammary glands as compared with the SP and HP treatments (P < 0.05). The HP diets increased AA transporter expression (P < 0.01) but decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (P < 0.05) and 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (P < 0.01) phosphorylation in mammary glands as compared with the LP and SP diets. The results of the present study suggested that several circulating AAs mediated the effects of dietary protein supply on concentrations of IGF-I, GH, and PRL, which in turn altered the metabolism status in peripheral tissues including the lactating mammary glands.

Project description:BackgroundEnhancing the post-ruminal supply of arginine (Arg), a semi-essential amino acid (AA), elicits positive effects on milk production. Our objective was to determine the effects of Arg infusion on milk production parameters and aspects of nitrogen (N) absorption and utilization in lactating dairy cows. Six lactating Chinese Holstein cows of similar body weight (508 ± 14 kg), body condition score (3.0 ± 0), parity (4.0 ± 0), milk yield (30.6 ± 1.8 kg) and days in milk (20 ± 2 d) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21 d for each period (1 week for infusion and 2 weeks for washout). Treatments were 1) Control: saline; 2) Arg group: saline + 9.42 g/L L-Arg; 3) Alanine (Ala) group: saline + 19.31 g/L L-Ala (iso-nitrogenous to the Arg group). Milk production and composition, dry matter intake, apparent absorption of N, profiles of amino acids (AA) in blood, urea N in urine, milk, and blood, and gene expression of AA transporters were determined.ResultsCompared with the Control or Ala group, the infusion of Arg led to greater expression of AA transporters (SLC7A2 and SLC7A8) and apparent uptake of free AA in the mammary gland, and was accompanied by greater milk yield, milk protein yield and milk efficiency (calculated by dividing milk yield over feed intake), together with lower concentration of urea N [regarded as an indicator of N utilization efficiency (NUE)] in blood and milk. Furthermore, in the cows infused with Arg, the NUE was higher and the concentration of urea N in urine was lower than those in the Ala group, although no differences were detected in NUE and urea N in urine between the Control and Arg group. The infusion of Ala had no effect on those indices compared with the Control.ConclusionsOverall, enhancing the post-ruminal supply of Arg via the jugular vein had a positive effect on the synthesis of milk protein at least in part by increasing gene expression of some AA transporters and uptake of free AA by mammary gland.

Project description:Archaeol is a cell membrane lipid of methanogenic archaea excreted in feces and is therefore a potential biomarker for individual methane emission (MEM). The aims of this study were to examine the potential of the fecal archaeol concentration (fArch) to be a proxy for MEM prediction in cows fed different diets and determine if the time of fecal collection affected the archaeol concentration. Thus, we investigated (i) the variation of the fArch concentration in spot samples of feces taken thrice within 8?h during respiration chamber measurements and (ii) the effect of two diets differing in nutrient composition and net energy content on the relationship between fArch and MEM in lactating cows. Two consecutive respiration trials with four primiparous and six multiparous lactating Holstein cows were performed. In the first trial (T1) at 100±3 ?d in milk (IM), a diet moderate in starch and fat content was fed for ad libitum intake, whereas in the second trial (T2) at 135±3 ?d IM, cows received a diet lower in starch and fat. Individual MEM (g?d -1 ) was measured for 24?h. Fecal samples were taken at 06:30, 10:00, and 14:30?LT and analyzed for fArch using Soxhlet lipid extraction and GC-MS. Cows produced less methane (364?g? CH4 ?d -1 ) during T1 and had significantly lower fArch concentrations (37.1? µ g?g -1 dry matter; DM) compared to T2 (392?g? CH4 ?d -1 and 47.6? µ g?g -1 DM). A significant positive relationship between fArch ( µ g?g -1 fecal DM) and MEM, expressed on a dry matter intake (DMI) basis (g?kg -1 DMI), was found ( R2=0.53 , n=20 ). Among samples collected over the day, those collected at 10:00?LT provided the best coefficient of determination for MEM ( R2=0.23 ). In conclusion, fArch offers some potential in serving as a proxy for innovative breeding schemes to lower enteric methane when fecal samples are taken at a certain time of the day, but more data on the sources of variation of the MEM? : ?fArch ratios are required.

Project description:Background:Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes intestinal barrier functions and augments intestinal permeability in pigs. However, whether HS-induced maternal microbial and metabolic changes in primiparous sows during late gestation remains elusive. We present here, a study investigating the fecal microbial and metabolic responses in late gestational primiparous sows when exposed to HS. Methods:Twelve first-parity Landrace × Large White F1 sows were randomly assigned into two environmental treatments including the thermoneutral (TN) (18-22?°C; n?=?6) and HS (28-32?°C; n?=?6) conditions. Both treatments were applied from 85 d of gestation to farrowing. The serum and feces samples were collected on d 107 of gestation, for analyses including intestinal integrity biomarkers, high-throughput sequencing metagenomics, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and nontargeted metabolomics. Results:Our results show that HS group has higher serum Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels. The gut microbial community can be altered upon HS by using ?-diversity and taxon-based analysis. In particular, the relative abundance of genera and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to Clostridiales and Halomonas are higher in HS group, the relative abundance of genera and OTUs related to Bacteroidales and Streptococcus, however, are lower in HS group. Results of metabolic analysis reveal that HS lowers the concentrations of propionate, butyrate, total SCFA, succinate, fumarate, malate, lactate, aspartate, ethanolamine, ?-alanine and niacin, whereas that of fructose and azelaic acid are higher in HS group. These metabolites mainly affect propanoate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, ?-alanine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Additionally, correlation analysis between significant microbes and metabolites indicated that the HS-induced microbiota shift is likely the cause of changes of intestinal metabolism. Conclusions:Taken together, we reveal characteristic structural and metabolic changes in maternal gut microbiota as a result of late gestational HS, which could potentially provide the basis for further study on offspring gut microbiota and immune programming.

Dataset Information

Whole-body nitrogen utilization and tissue protein and casein synthesis in lactating primiparous sows fed low- and high-protein diets.

Publications

Whole-body nitrogen utilization and tissue protein and casein synthesis in lactating primiparous sows fed low- and high-protein diets.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets