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Mottling score and skin temperature in septic shock: Relation and impact on prognosis in ICU.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Mottling score, defined by 5 areas over the knee is developed to evaluate tissue perfusion at bedside. Because of the subjective aspect of the score, we aimed to compare mottling score and skin temperature in septic shock with infrared thermography in ICU and the correlation to survival. METHODS:We conducted a prospective and observational study in a teaching hospital in France during 8 months in ICU. All patients with sepsis requiring vasoactive drugs were included. We recorded epidemiologic data, hemodynamic parameters, mottling score and skin temperature with a thermic camera of the 5 mottling areas around the knee (temperatures recorded with FLIR™ software) at bedside. Measures were performed at ICU admission (H0) and six hours after initial resuscitation (H6). RESULTS:46 patients were included. Median age was 69 (60-78), SOFA score 11 (8-12) mean SAPS II was 57±20 and 28-day mortality rate was 30%. Patients with mottling (score?1), had a skin temperature of the knee significantly lower (30.7 vs 33,2°C p = 0.01 at H6) than patients without mottling (score = 0). Skin temperatures of the knee in mottling groups 1 to 5 were similar at H0 and H6. Neither mottling score nor skin temperature of the knee were associated with prognostic regarding day-28 mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Skin temperature measured with infrared thermography technology around the knee is lower when mottling sign is present and sign microcirculation alterations. This method, compared to standard mottling score is objective and allows data collections. However, this method failed to predict mortality in ICU patients.

SUBMITTER: Ferraris A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6095547 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mottling score and skin temperature in septic shock: Relation and impact on prognosis in ICU.

Ferraris Arnaud A Bouisse Camille C Mottard Nicolas N Thiollière Fabrice F Anselin Sophie S Piriou Vincent V Allaouchiche Bernard B

PloS one 20180816 8

<h4>Introduction</h4>Mottling score, defined by 5 areas over the knee is developed to evaluate tissue perfusion at bedside. Because of the subjective aspect of the score, we aimed to compare mottling score and skin temperature in septic shock with infrared thermography in ICU and the correlation to survival.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a prospective and observational study in a teaching hospital in France during 8 months in ICU. All patients with sepsis requiring vasoactive drugs were included. ...[more]

PMID: 30114284

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Project description:Objectives:Mottling score is estimated from 0-5 according to mottling over the knee and described as clinical evaluation of tissue perfusion. This score was developed with ancient definitions of sepsis without lactate level, a major prognostic parameter when superior to 2 mmol/L. This study describes mottling incidence and mottling score in septic shock patients according to lactate level. Materials and methods:We reanalyzed our prospective study in a French tertiary hospital in the intensive care unit (ICU) which studied mottling score and thermography correlation. Patients admitted to septic shock diagnosis and requiring vasoactive drugs were included. We recorded hemodynamic variables, mottling score, and lactate. Data collection was realized at ICU admission (H0) and after six hours (H6). Results:Forty-three patients were included. Mean age was 67 (±4), mean sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was 11 (8-12), and SAPS II 58 ±20. Mortality rate at day 28 was 30%. Among patients with lactate ?2 mmol/L, mottling was more prevalent in 82.6% vs 47.4% (p value = 0.016), and at H6 mottling score was higher (p value = 0.009). Although, mottling incidence was not different between dead (85%) and survivors (81%; p value = 0.795). Conclusion:A new sepsis definition implies a new epidemiology in mottling according to lactate threshold. Patients with lactate ?2 mmol/L presented a higher incidence and score of mottling. However, mortality was not influenced by mottling in this study. Clinical significance:Arterial lactate is a major prognostic parameter when superior to 2 mmol/L.A new definition of sepsis was published in 2016 with a new paradigm and epidemiology of septic shockPatients with lactate ?2 mmol/L presented a higher incidence and score of mottling.Mottling score is a clinical sign of microcirculatory alteration, related to lactate level in septic shock. How to cite this article:Ferraris A, Bouisse C, Thiollière F, Piriou V, Allaouchiche B. Mottling Incidence and Mottling Score According to Arterial Lactate Level in Septic Shock Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(8):672-676.

Project description:BACKGROUND:In patients with septic shock, the skin is often chosen for the evaluation of peripheral perfusion and oxygenation. Changes in skin microcirculatory vessel oxygen saturation and relative hemoglobin concentration can be described using a mottling score or captured with hyperspectral imaging. However, the effectiveness of the mottling score in assessing microcirculation remains to be shown. We hypothesize that the mottling score in patients with septic shock is related to skin microcirculatory perfusion indices quantified by hyperspectral imaging, biomarkers that reflect endothelium activation and damage, and clinical outcome. METHODS:Hyperspectral imaging of the knee area was performed in 95 intensive care patients with septic shock enrolled in a single-center observational study to obtain relative oxy/deoxyhemoglobin concentration values and construct anatomical maps of skin microcirculatory saturation. The blood was sampled to obtain concentrations of thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), angiopoietin-2, and syndecan-1. The spectrophotometrically obtained skin microvascular perfusion indices were compared to the mottling score and biomarker concentration. The association between mottling score, skin microcirculatory perfusion indices, and 28-day mortality was also analyzed. RESULTS:Microcirculatory oxygen saturation was significantly lower and total hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in patients with a mottling score of 2 compared to those with a score of 0 (p?=?0.02), with no difference between other scores. We found an association between microcirculatory oxygen saturation and PAI-1 levels (rho?=?-?0.3; p?=?0.007). Increased mottling score and decreased microcirculatory oxygen saturation were predictive of 28-day mortality (mottling score 2 vs 0: OR 15.31, 95% CI 4.12-68.11; microcirculatory oxygen saturation: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.95). Endothelial biomarkers did not increase the predictive value of skin microcirculatory perfusion indices. CONCLUSIONS:Higher mottling scores are associated with lower microcirculatory oxygen saturation but with significant overlap between scores. Microcirculatory oxygen saturation is a quantitative measure of peripheral oxygenation and is more specific than the mottling score in predicting 28-day mortality.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and critical illness worldwide and is associated with an increased mortality rate in the months following hospital discharge. The occurrence of persistent or new organ dysfunction(s) after septic shock raises questions about the mechanisms involved in the post-sepsis status. The present study aimed to explore the immune profiles of patients one year after being discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) following treatment for abdominal septic shock. METHODS:We conducted a prospective, single-center, observational study in the surgical ICU of a university hospital. Eighty-six consecutive patients admitted for septic shock of abdominal origin were included in this study. Fifteen different plasma biomarkers were measured at ICU admission, at ICU discharge and at one year after ICU discharge. Three different clusters of biomarkers were distinguished according to their functions, namely: (1) inflammatory response, (2) cell damage and apoptosis, (3) immunosuppression and resolution of inflammation. The primary objective was to characterize variations in the immune status of septic shock patients admitted to ICU up to one year after ICU discharge. The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between these biomarker variations and patient outcomes. RESULTS:At the onset of septic shock, we observed a cohesive pro-inflammatory profile and low levels of inflammation resolution markers. At ICU discharge, the immune status demonstrated decreased but persistent inflammation and increased immunosuppression, with elevated programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) levels, and a counterbalanced resolution process, with elevated levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), resolvin D5 (RvD5), and IL-7. One year after hospital discharge, homeostasis was not completely restored with several markers of inflammation remaining elevated. Remarkably, IL-7 was persistently elevated, with levels comparable to those observed after ICU discharge, and PD-1, while lower, remained in the elevated abnormal range. CONCLUSIONS:In this study, protracted immune disturbances were observed one year after ICU discharge. The study results suggested the presence of long-lasting immune illness disorders following a long-term septic insult, indicating the need for long-term patient follow up after ICU discharge and questioning the use of immune intervention to restore immune homeostasis after abdominal septic shock.

Project description:BackgroundMottling score, a tissue perfusion parameter, is correlated with outcome in septic shock patients. However, its predictive value on mortality according to prognostic covariates such as vasopressor dose and other tissue perfusion parameters remains unknown.MethodsMottling score and tissue perfusion parameters were recorded at ICU admission (H0), H-6, H 12, and H-24 and used to assess the predictive value of mottling score on 14-day mortality in a development cohort. Results were then validated in an independent cohort of septic shock patients in Brazil.ResultsOverall, 259 patients with sepsis or septic shock were included, 14-day mortality was 37%. Factors associated with death were mottling score (OR 2.26 [95% CI, 1.72-2.97]), arterial lactate level (OR 1.29 [1.11-1.5]), and urine output < 0.5 ml/Kg/h (OR 3.03 [1.37-6.69]). The C statistic for the model was 0.90 in the development cohort and 0.76 in the validation cohort. The predictive value of mottling score was not affected by vasopressor doses (p for interaction = 0.33): OR for mottling score ranged from 2.34 [1.10-3.15] in patients without vasopressor to 3.84 [1.98-7.43] in patients infused with high doses of vasopressor (> 0.8 μg/kg/min). There was no difference in the effect of mottling score on mortality according to mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, and urine output, but we found a significant interaction between arterial lactate level and mottling score (p = 0.04). The predictive value of the mottling score remains significant when using the recent SEPSIS-3 definition of septic shock. Finally, a decrease of mottling score during resuscitation was significantly associated with better outcome after adjustment on SOFA score (p = 0.001).ConclusionsOur results support the high prognostic value of mottling score for 14-day mortality in septic patients, whatever vasopressor dosage and other perfusion parameters. Mottling score variations during resuscitation are also predictive of mortality.

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Mottling score and skin temperature in septic shock: Relation and impact on prognosis in ICU.

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Mottling score and skin temperature in septic shock: Relation and impact on prognosis in ICU.

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