Dataset Information

Differential Gene Expression Caused by the F and M Loci Provides Insight Into Ethylene-Mediated Female Flower Differentiation in Cucumber.

ABSTRACT: In cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), the differentiation and development of female flowers are important processes that directly affect the fruit yield and quality. Sex differentiation is mainly controlled by three ethylene synthase genes, F (CsACS1G), M (CsACS2), and A (CsACS11). Thus, ethylene plays a key role in the sex differentiation in cucumber. The "one-hormone hypothesis" posits that F and M regulate the ethylene levels and initiate female flower development in cucumber. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanism of this process remains elusive. To investigate the mechanism by which F and M regulate the sex phenotype, three cucumber near-isogenic lines, namely H34 (FFmmAA, hermaphroditic), G12 (FFMMAA, gynoecious), and M12 (ffMMAA, monoecious), with different F and M loci were generated. The transcriptomic analysis of the apical shoots revealed that the expression of the B-class floral homeotic genes, CsPI (Csa4G358770) and CsAP3 (Csa3G865440), was immensely suppressed in G12 (100% female flowers) but highly expressed in M12 (?90% male flowers). In contrast, CAG2 (Csa1G467100), which is an AG-like C-class floral homeotic gene, was specifically highly expressed in G12. Thus, the initiation of female flowers is likely to be caused by the downregulation of B-class and upregulation of C-class genes by ethylene production in the floral primordium. Additionally, CsERF31, which was highly expressed in G12, showed temporal and spatial expression patterns similar to those of M and responded to the ethylene-related chemical treatments. The biochemical experiments further demonstrated that CsERF31 could directly bind the promoter of M and promote its expression. Thus, CsERF31 responded to the ethylene signal derived from F and mediated the positive feedback regulation of ethylene by activating M expression, which offers an extended "one-hormone hypothesis" of sex differentiation in cucumber.

SUBMITTER: Pan J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6102477 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differential Gene Expression Caused by the F and M Loci Provides Insight Into Ethylene-Mediated Female Flower Differentiation in Cucumber.

Pan Jian J Wang Gang G Wen Haifan H Du Hui H Lian Hongli H He Huanle H Pan Junsong J Cai Run R

Frontiers in plant science 20180814

In cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), the differentiation and development of female flowers are important processes that directly affect the fruit yield and quality. Sex differentiation is mainly controlled by three ethylene synthase genes, F (CsACS1G), M (CsACS2), and A (CsACS11). Thus, ethylene plays a key role in the sex differentiation in cucumber. The "one-hormone hypothesis" posits that F and M regulate the ethylene levels and init ...[more]

PMID: 30154805

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Project description:The timing of flower opening is essential for pollination and thus seed production. Despite flower opening has been a long lasting topic for plant biologists, the underling molecular mechansim remains elusive. Here we used a unique cucumber line â6457â that spontaneously produces super ovary with delayed corolla opening as material, and explored the physiological, cytological, nutritional and transcriptomic reasons for the delayed corolla opening in super ovary. Our data showed that cell division and cell expansion persisited for a longer period of time in the super ovary, especially during the green yellow bud stage and yellow bud stage. Similarly, RNA-seq analyses showed that RNA and protein synthesis related genes were upregulated during these two stages, which may account for the decreased nitrogen and phosphrate content in the super ovary. Further, activation of transcription factors were delayed in the green yellow bud stage, while signalling kinases related genes were upregulated in the yellow bud stage in the super ovary. Photosynthesis related genes were also significantly activated in the super ovary, which corresponds to the increased soluble suble content. Phytohoromones such as cytokinins and gibberllins were elevated in the super ovary. Consistently, cytokinins and gibberllins related genes showed significantly enhanced expression. Therefore, both developmental and nutritional factors regulate the timing of female flower opening in cucumber, and provide a valuable foundation for dissecting the underling regulatory pathways of flower opening in planta. The normal ovary blooms at 4-5 days after labeling (when the ovary is visible) (DAL), with the majority blooms at 5 DAL, while the anthesis of super ovary occurs at 8-9 DALs, with most super ovaries blooms at 9 DAL.In the normal ovary, corolla at 1 DAL (N1), 3 DAL (N3), 4 DAL (N4), and 5 DAL (N5) is the typical stage for green bud, green yellow bud, yellow bud, and flowering, respectively, whereas in the super ovary, corolla at 1 DAL (S1) is the green bud, corolla at 3, 4 and 5 DAL (S3, S4, S5) is the green yellow bud, corolla at 7 and 8 DAL (S7, S8) is the yellow bud, and corolla at 9 DAL (S9) is the typical flowering stage.Transcriptome profiling of 11 stages include N1,N3,N4,N5,S1,S3,S4,S5,S7,S8 and S9 were performed, and each stage had 3 biological replicates.

Dataset Information

Differential Gene Expression Caused by the F and M Loci Provides Insight Into Ethylene-Mediated Female Flower Differentiation in Cucumber.

Publications

Differential Gene Expression Caused by the <i>F</i> and <i>M</i> Loci Provides Insight Into Ethylene-Mediated Female Flower Differentiation in Cucumber.

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