Dataset Information

Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

ABSTRACT: Importance:Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. Objective:To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Evidence Review:Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. Findings:In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523?000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (-6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), -10.6% to -1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. Conclusion and Relevance:As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.

SUBMITTER: Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6103527 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Fitzmaurice Christina C Allen Christine C Barber Ryan M RM Barregard Lars L Bhutta Zulfiqar A ZA Brenner Hermann H Dicker Daniel J DJ Chimed-Orchir Odgerel O Dandona Rakhi R Dandona Lalit L Fleming Tom T Forouzanfar Mohammad H MH Hancock Jamie J Hay Roderick J RJ Hunter-Merrill Rachel R Huynh Chantal C Hosgood H Dean HD Johnson Catherine O CO Jonas Jost B JB Khubchandani Jagdish J Kumar G Anil GA Kutz Michael M Lan Qing Q Larson Heidi J HJ Liang Xiaofeng X Lim Stephen S SS Lopez Alan D AD MacIntyre Michael F MF Marczak Laurie L Marquez Neal N Mokdad Ali H AH Pinho Christine C Pourmalek Farshad F Salomon Joshua A JA Sanabria Juan Ramon JR Sandar Logan L Sartorius Benn B Schwartz Stephen M SM Shackelford Katya A KA Shibuya Kenji K Stanaway Jeff J Steiner Caitlyn C Sun Jiandong J Takahashi Ken K Vollset Stein Emil SE Vos Theo T Wagner Joseph A JA Wang Haidong H Westerman Ronny R Zeeb Hajo H Zoeckler Leo L Abd-Allah Foad F Ahmed Muktar Beshir MB Alabed Samer S Alam Noore K NK Aldhahri Saleh Fahed SF Alem Girma G Alemayohu Mulubirhan Assefa MA Ali Raghib R Al-Raddadi Rajaa R Amare Azmeraw A Amoako Yaw Y Artaman Al A Asayesh Hamid H Atnafu Niguse N Awasthi Ashish A Saleem Huda Ba HB Barac Aleksandra A Bedi Neeraj N Bensenor Isabela I Berhane Adugnaw A Bernabé Eduardo E Betsu Balem B Binagwaho Agnes A Boneya Dube D Campos-Nonato Ismael I Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos C Catalá-López Ferrán F Chiang Peggy P Chibueze Chioma C Chitheer Abdulaal A Choi Jee-Young JY Cowie Benjamin B Damtew Solomon S das Neves José J Dey Suhojit S Dharmaratne Samath S Dhillon Preet P Ding Eric E Driscoll Tim T Ekwueme Donatus D Endries Aman Yesuf AY Farvid Maryam M Farzadfar Farshad F Fernandes Joao J Fischer Florian F G/Hiwot Tsegaye Tewelde TT Gebru Alemseged A Gopalani Sameer S Hailu Alemayehu A Horino Masako M Horita Nobuyuki N Husseini Abdullatif A Huybrechts Inge I Inoue Manami M Islami Farhad F Jakovljevic Mihajlo M James Spencer S Javanbakht Mehdi M Jee Sun Ha SH Kasaeian Amir A Kedir Muktar Sano MS Khader Yousef S YS Khang Young-Ho YH Kim Daniel D Leigh James J Linn Shai S Lunevicius Raimundas R El Razek Hassan Magdy Abd HMA Malekzadeh Reza R Malta Deborah Carvalho DC Marcenes Wagner W Markos Desalegn D Melaku Yohannes A YA Meles Kidanu G KG Mendoza Walter W Mengiste Desalegn Tadese DT Meretoja Tuomo J TJ Miller Ted R TR Mohammad Karzan Abdulmuhsin KA Mohammadi Alireza A Mohammed Shafiu S Moradi-Lakeh Maziar M Nagel Gabriele G Nand Devina D Le Nguyen Quyen Q Nolte Sandra S Ogbo Felix A FA Oladimeji Kelechi E KE Oren Eyal E Pa Mahesh M Park Eun-Kee EK Pereira David M DM Plass Dietrich D Qorbani Mostafa M Radfar Amir A Rafay Anwar A Rahman Mahfuzar M Rana Saleem M SM Søreide Kjetil K Satpathy Maheswar M Sawhney Monika M Sepanlou Sadaf G SG Shaikh Masood Ali MA She Jun J Shiue Ivy I Shore Hirbo Roba HR Shrime Mark G MG So Samuel S Soneji Samir S Stathopoulou Vasiliki V Stroumpoulis Konstantinos K Sufiyan Muawiyyah Babale MB Sykes Bryan L BL Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael R Tadese Fentaw F Tedla Bemnet Amare BA Tessema Gizachew Assefa GA Thakur J S JS Tran Bach Xuan BX Ukwaja Kingsley Nnanna KN Uzochukwu Benjamin S Chudi BSC Vlassov Vasiliy Victorovich VV Weiderpass Elisabete E Wubshet Terefe Mamo M Yebyo Henock Gebremedhin HG Yimam Hassen Hamid HH Yonemoto Naohiro N Younis Mustafa Z MZ Yu Chuanhua C Zaidi Zoubida Z Zaki Maysaa El Sayed MES Zenebe Zerihun Menlkalew ZM Murray Christopher J L CJL Naghavi Mohsen M

JAMA oncology 20170401 4

<h4>Importance</h4>Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning.<h4>Objective</h4>To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015.<h4>Evidence review</h4>Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence da ...[more]

PMID: 27918777

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Project description:Importance:The increasing burden due to cancer and other noncommunicable diseases poses a threat to human development, which has resulted in global political commitments reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan on Non-Communicable Diseases. To determine if these commitments have resulted in improved cancer control, quantitative assessments of the cancer burden are required. Objective:To assess the burden for 29 cancer groups over time to provide a framework for policy discussion, resource allocation, and research focus. Evidence Review:Cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were evaluated for 195 countries and territories by age and sex using the Global Burden of Disease study estimation methods. Levels and trends were analyzed over time, as well as by the Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Changes in incident cases were categorized by changes due to epidemiological vs demographic transition. Findings:In 2016, there were 17.2 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.9 million deaths. Cancer cases increased by 28% between 2006 and 2016. The smallest increase was seen in high SDI countries. Globally, population aging contributed 17%; population growth, 12%; and changes in age-specific rates, -1% to this change. The most common incident cancer globally for men was prostate cancer (1.4 million cases). The leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (1.2 million deaths and 25.4 million DALYs). For women, the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was breast cancer (1.7 million incident cases, 535?000 deaths, and 14.9 million DALYs). In 2016, cancer caused 213.2 million DALYs globally for both sexes combined. Between 2006 and 2016, the average annual age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 130 of 195 countries or territories, and the average annual age-standardized death rates decreased within that timeframe in 143 of 195 countries or territories. Conclusions and Relevance:Large disparities exist between countries in cancer incidence, deaths, and associated disability. Scaling up cancer prevention and ensuring universal access to cancer care are required for health equity and to fulfill the global commitments for noncommunicable disease and cancer control.

Project description:ImportanceCancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.ObjectiveTo describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning.Evidence reviewWe used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence.FindingsIn 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572 000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542 000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819 000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601 000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596 000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414 000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs).Conclusions and relevanceThe national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care.

Project description:ImportanceThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden.ObjectiveTo estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019.Evidence reviewThe GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).FindingsIn 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles.Conclusions and relevanceThe results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.

Project description:BackgroundThe Chinese population has aged significantly in the last few decades. Comprehensive health losses including both fatal and non-fatal health outcomes associated with ageing in China have not been detailed.MethodsBased on freely accessible disability adjusted life years (DALYs) estimated by the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2017, we adopted a robust decomposition method that ascribes changes in DALYs in any given country across two time points to changes resulting from three sources: population size, age structure, and age-specific DALYs rate per 100,000 population. Using the method, we calculated DALYs associated with population ageing in China from 1990 to 2017 and examined the counteraction between the effects of DALYs rate change and population ageing. This method extends previous work through attributing the change in DALYs to the three sources.ResultsPopulation ageing was associated with 92.8 million DALYs between 1990 and 2017 in China, of which 65.8% (61.1 million) were years of life lost (YLLs). Males had comparatively more DALYs associated with population ageing than females in the study period. The five leading causes of DALYs associated with population ageing between 1990 and 2017 were stroke (23.6 million), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (18.3 million), ischemic heart disease (13.0 million), tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (6.1 million) and liver cancer (5.0 million). Between 1990 and 2017, changes in DALYs associated with age-specific DALY rate reductions far exceeded those related to population ageing (- 196.2 million versus 92.8 million); 57.5% (- 112.8 million) of DALYs were caused by decreases in rates attributed to 84 modifiable risk factors.ConclusionPopulation ageing was associated with growing health loss in China from 1990 to 2017. Despite the recent progress in alleviating health loss associated with population ageing, the government should encourage scientific research on effective and affordable prevention and control strategies and should consider investment in resources to implement strategies nationwide to address the future challenge of population ageing.

Dataset Information

Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Publications

Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

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