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Cost-minimizing team hires with participation constraint.

ABSTRACT: Team formation, which aims to form a team to complete a given task by covering its required skills, furnishes a natural way to help organizers complete projects effectively. In this work, we propose a new team hiring problem. Given a set of projects [Formula: see text] with required skills, and a pool of experts [Formula: see text], each of which has his own skillset, compensation demand and participation constraint (i.e., the maximum number of projects the expert can participate in simultaneously), we seek to hire a team of participation-constrained experts [Formula: see text] to complete all the projects so that the overall compensation is minimized. We refer to this as the participation constrained team hire problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to investigate the problem. We also study a special case of the problem, where the number of projects is within the participation constraint of each expert and design an exact algorithm for it. Since participation constrained team hire problem is proven to be NP-hard, we design three novel efficient approximate algorithms as its solution, each of which focuses on a particular perspective of the problem. We perform extensive experimental studies, on both synthetic and real datasets, to evaluate the performance of our algorithms. Experimental results show that our exact algorithm far surpasses the brute-force solutions and works well in practice. Besides, the three algorithms behave differently when distinct facets of the problem are involved.

SUBMITTER: Sun H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6112644 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cost-minimizing team hires with participation constraint.

Sun Heli H Huang Jianbin J Liu Ke K Wan Mengjie M Zhou Yu Y Cao Chen C Jia Xiaolin X He Liang L

PloS one 20180828 8

Team formation, which aims to form a team to complete a given task by covering its required skills, furnishes a natural way to help organizers complete projects effectively. In this work, we propose a new team hiring problem. Given a set of projects [Formula: see text] with required skills, and a pool of experts [Formula: see text], each of which has his own skillset, compensation demand and participation constraint (i.e., the maximum number of projects the expert can participate in simultaneous ...[more]

PMID: 30153254

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Project description:ImportanceAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with long-term poor mental health. Less is known about factors that improve long-term mental health among those with ACEs.ObjectiveTo evaluate, among those exposed to ACEs, whether team sports participation during adolescence is associated with better mental health in adulthood and whether the association between team sports participation and mental health varies by sex.Design, setting, and participantsThis study used data from 9668 individuals who participated in waves 1 (1994-1995) and 4 (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Individuals were included if they had complete data on exposure to ACEs (physical and sexual abuse, emotional neglect, parental alcohol misuse, parental incarceration, and living with a single parent) and a valid sample weight. Statistical analysis was performed from November 6, 2017, to January 4, 2019.Main outcomes and measuresThe association between team sports participation in grades 7 to 12 (wave 1) and diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety and current depressive symptoms (determined by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale-10 scores) at ages 24 to 32 years (wave 4) among individuals exposed to ACEs. Multivariable logistic regression models were weighted based on propensity scores for factors associated with team sports participation and controlled for individual, family, and school characteristics. Interaction terms tested whether associations between team sports participation and mental health varied by sex.ResultsOf 9668 individuals included in the study (4470 male [50.0%]; mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.75] years), 4888 (49.3%) reported 1 or more ACE and 2084 (21.3%) reported 2 or more ACEs. Among those with ACEs, team sports participation during adolescence was significantly associated with lower odds of receiving a diagnosis of depression (unadjusted rate, 16.8% vs 22.0%; propensity score-weighted [PSW] adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.97) or anxiety (11.8% vs 16.8%; PSW aOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56-0.89) and having current depressive symptoms (21.9% vs 27.5%; PSW aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.71-1.01). There were no significant differences in associations between team sports participation and mental health by sex. Stratified analyses showed significant associations for all outcomes among males (depression: PSW aOR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.46-0.99]; anxiety: PSW aOR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.45-0.96]; depressive symptoms: PSW aOR, 0.75 [95% CI 0.56-0.99]) but only 1 outcome among females (anxiety: PSW aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.98).Conclusions and relevanceAmong individuals affected by ACEs, team sports participation in adolescence was associated with better adult mental health. Team sports may be an important and scalable resilience builder.

Project description:ObjectivesTo report the results of health economic analyses comparing two treatment approaches for chronic low back pain (CLBP).DesignObservational prospective cohort study comparing effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CLBP care provided at an integrative care clinic with that provided in other clinics within the same hospital. CLBP-related medical utilization, function, quality of life, and days of work incapacity were self-reported at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months.Settings/locationOsher Clinical Center (OCC) based at a tertiary academic hospital (Brigham and Women's Hospital [BWH]) and other clinics at BWH.SubjectsCLBP patients seeking care at OCC or non-OCC BWH clinics.InterventionsIntegrative or conventional care for CLBP as prescribed by the treating clinician(s).Outcome measuresQuality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated per treatment approach based on the SF-12. Cost per QALY gained was evaluated using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). ICERs based on CLBP-specific effectiveness measures (Roland Disability Questionnaire [RDQ] and bothersomeness of pain [BOP]) were exploratory outcomes.ResultsTotal adjusted annual CLBP-related costs per patient were greater in the OCC versus non-OCC group ($11,526.73 vs. $6,810.63). Between group differences in QALYs were small and ICER estimate of cost per QALY gained was high ($436,676). However, unadjusted mean direct costs per patient decreased over time in the OCC group. Savings in direct costs of $391 (95% confidence interval: -1,078 to 1,861) were observed in the OCC group for the 6- to 12-month period, driven primarily by reduced medication usage. ICERs based on adjusted RDQ and BOP group differences showed cost of $2,073 and $4,203 for a one-point reduction per respective scale.ConclusionsWhen adjusted for baseline differences, self-reported costs were higher in the OCC group with only small effects on QALYs. However, trends toward decreased direct expenditures and medication usage over time warrant further investigation. Future studies evaluating potential benefits of integrative care models for the management of CLBP should employ randomized designs, longer observational periods, and explore multiple metrics of cost-effectiveness.

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Cost-minimizing team hires with participation constraint.

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Cost-minimizing team hires with participation constraint.

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