Factors associated with team sport participation in South African children.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hendricks S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6668752 | biostudies-literature | 2019
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Factors associated with team sport participation in South African children.
Hendricks Sharief S Uys Monika M Broyles Stephanie T ST Naidoo Niri N Katzmarzyk Peter T PT Lambert Estelle V EV
BMJ paediatrics open 20190723 1
The study purpose was to determine if sex, anthropometry, age or birth period are associated with team sport participation in children aged 9-11 years. Data from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment were used (n=550, 59% girls). Anthropometric measurements included height, body mass, waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference and body fat percentage. Birth period and team sport participation were measured using a questionnaire. Girls had a 69% lower o ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:The South African sport supplement industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Despite the massive market demand, this industry remains poorly regulated. From raw ingredient contamination to label compliance discrepancies, the sport supplement industry is an area of growing concern and warrants further public debate.
| S-EPMC6050020 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Numerous studies have detailed the physical health benefits of children's participation in sport and a growing body of research also highlights the benefits for mental health. Children who participate in sport have also been shown to be advantaged academically. However, despite the benefits there is evidence that children are leading increasingly sedentary lifestyles and are at greater risk of chronic disease than those with active lifestyles. Sport provides an important means for children to achieve their recommended amount of daily physical activity. This systematic review asks 'what are those barriers to children's participation in sport?'Literature searches were carried out in June 2015 using; EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL and SportDiscus using the search terms barrier*, stop*, prevent*, participat*, taking part, Sports/, sport*, "physical education", PE, child*, young person*, adolescen*. These were supplemented with hand searches. A total of 3434 records were identified of which 22 were suitable for inclusion in the review, two additional studies were identified from Google Scholar in November 2016. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included. Study's included in the review assessed children up to 18 years of age. Study quality was assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools.Studies took place in the school environment (n = 14), sports club (n = 1), community setting (n = 8) and adolescent care setting (n = 1). Frequently reported barriers across quantitative studies were 'time' (n = 4), 'cost' (n = 3), 'opportunity/accessibility' (n = 3) and 'friends' (n = 2). Frequently reported barriers across qualitative studies were 'time' (n = 6), 'cost' (n = 5), 'not being good at sport' (n = 6) and 'fear of being judged/embarrassed' (n = 6).Policy makers, parents and teachers should all be aware that 'cost' and 'time' are key barriers to participation in sport. More local sports opportunities are needed where costs are reduced. Schools and local clubs could better work together to provide more affordable local opportunities to increase children's participation in sport.
| S-EPMC5810190 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background:There are multiple factors that make it difficult for learners with a mobility impairment to participate in sport, if not impossible. Unfortunately, it is not known which of these factors can be considered as the most important ones. Objectives:The main objective was to obtain clarity on the factors that differentiate best between learners who participate in sport and those learners who are not participating. Method:In total, 140 boys and girls with different types of mobility impairments participated. Information was obtained on inevitable factors such as age and gender, structure factors such as type of school and hostel dwelling and personal factors such as emotions and relationships with parents and peers. Results:Four factors emerged that explained 22% of the variance in the distinctive characteristics of the group that participates in sport and the non-participating group. Age was the most important variable explaining 9% of the variance followed by trust (an emotional variable), gender and health. Conclusion:Children with a mobility impairment should be encouraged to start participating in sport at an early age. Specific attention should be given to girls who are more reluctant to participate. Health is a factor that can inhibit sports participation; however, it should not be overemphasised. The emphasis should rather be on the development of trust, which will help adolescents with an impairment to take responsible risks in an adaptive sports environment.
| S-EPMC6779976 | biostudies-other
Project description:Research on sport participation impacts from sport events has been sporadic. This scoping review assesses the current state of literature that addresses impacts, legacies, and leveraging of sport events for sport participation outcomes and the gaps in terms of study context and research designs. Two systematic approaches of article identification were performed: a traditional database search and a systematic manual search. Studies on sport participation outcomes from events mainly focused on mega sport events and adult populations, with the majority employing cross-sectional data and quantitative methods. The use theoretical of frameworks is limited and inconsistent. There is a need for longitudinal investigations, as well as more focus on youth populations, participant events, and smaller-sized events to advance the research agenda for sport participation outcomes from sport events.
| S-EPMC8170037 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: HIV-infected individuals have increased risk of developing obstructive lung disease (OLD). Studies from developed countries report high viral load, low CD4 counts, and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) to be associated with OLD; but these findings may not be generalizable to populations in resource-limited settings.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of lung function in 730 HIV-infected black South African adults. Pre-bronchodilator spirometry was performed at enrollment and repeated annually for three years. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with OLD, defined as FEV1/FVC<0.70, at enrollment. Excess annual declines in FEV1 and FVC were modelled as the product-term of follow-up time and exposures using random effects regression.Results: Median (IQR) age at enrollment was 36 (32-41) years, 85% were female and 30% ever-smoked with a median (IQR) exposure of 3 (1-6) pack-years. Median (IQR) CD4 count and viral load at enrollment were 372 (261-518) cells/mm3 and 2655 (91-13,548) copies/mL respectively. Overall, 25% were receiving ART at enrollment, 16% of whom reported at least 6 months of ART receipt. OLD was found in 35 (5%) at enrollment. Increasing age (aOR = 2.08 per 10-years [95%CI 1.22-3.57], p = 0.007), current smoking (aOR = 3.55 [95%CI 1.20-10.53], p = 0.02), and CRP (aOR = 1.01 per unit-increase [95%CI 1.00-1.03], p = 0.04) were significantly associated with OLD at enrollment; while increasing CD4 count (aOR = 1.02 per-100 cells/mm3 [95%CI 0.85-1.22], p = 0.82), viral load (aOR = 0.67 per log-increase [95%CI 0.43-1.10], p = 0.12) and receipt of ART (aOR = 0.57 [95%CI 0.18-1.75], p = 0.32) were not. The median (IQR) follow-up time was 18 (12-24) months. Participants with a history of tuberculosis (TB) had a 35 mL (95%CI 2-68, p = 0.03) and 57 mL (95%CI 19-96, p = 0.003) per year excess loss of FEV1 and FVC respectively.Conclusion: Prevalent OLD was associated with older age, current smoking and higher CRP levels, but not CD4 counts and ART, in HIV-infected South African adults. Better understanding of the long-term effects of TB, smoking and inflammation on lung function in HIV-infected populations is urgently needed.
| S-EPMC5597201 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo determine risk factors for overweight/overfatness in children and adolescents from rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.MethodsAnthropometric data were collected from a cross-sectional sample (n = 1519, ages 7, 11 and 15 years) and linked to demographic information (n = 1310 and n = 1317 in overweight and overfat analyses, respectively). Candidate risk factors for overweight/overfatness were identified and tested for associations with overweight (BMI-for-age >+1SD, WHO reference) and overfatness (>85th centile body fatness, McCarthy reference) as outcomes. Associations were examined using simple tests of proportions (χ(2)/Mann-Whitney U tests) and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsSex was a consistent variable across both analyses; girls at significantly increased risk of overweight and overfatness (overweight: n = 180, 73.9 and 26.1% females and males, respectively (P < 0.0001); overfat: n = 187, 72.7 and 27.3% females and males, respectively (P < 0.0001)). In regression analyses, sex and age (defined by school grade) were consistent variables, with boys at lower risk of overweight (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.40 (confidence interval (CI) -0.28-0.57)) and risk of overweight increasing with age (AOR 0.65 (CI- 0.44-0.96), 0.50 (CI-0.33-0.75) and 1.00 for school grades 1, 5 and 9, respectively). Results were similar for overfatness.ConclusionsThis study suggests that pre-adolescent/adolescent females may be the most appropriate targets of future interventions aimed at preventing obesity in rural South Africa.
| S-EPMC4750520 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHealth committees are participatory structures providing community input in health systems. Community participation is a critical tenant in the Alma-Ata Declaration and the Right to Health. In South Africa, national and provincial legislation provides for health committees to be established at all primary health care facilities.AimsThis paper aims to analyze whether the Western Cape Health Facility Boards and Committees Act (2016) is likely to result in effective and meaningful participation consistent with a Primary Health Care (PHC) and human rights approach to participation. The paper also explores whether the provincial Act addresses challenges identified in practice.MethodsThe methods consist of an analysis of the Western Cape Health Facility Boards and Committees Act, which is then compared to the international PHC and human rights approach to participation. Findings from an explorative mixed-methods study with health committees in Cape Town are used to discuss whether the Act addresses shortcomings identified in practised participation.Findings and analysisThe paper found that the current legislation is unlikely to lead to effective and meaningful participation. First, the roles prescribed in the Act are narrowly defined. They resemble roles practised and are inconsistent with right-based and PHC frameworks. Second, though the Act provides support, which the empirical research demonstrates is necessary, the support is insufficient, and often contingent. Third, the Act conceptualizes health committees as structures appointed by the Provincial Minister of Health; a formation process likely to lead to structures that do not adequately represent community interests.ConclusionsThe paper argues that the Western Cape legislation is unlikely to lead to effective and meaningful participation. It suggests using international PHC and human rights frameworks and national policy documents to restructure health committee participation in the Act and the National Health Insurance Bill.
| S-EPMC8220345 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimThe aim of this review was to synthesize empirical evidence of family factors associated with participation of children with disabilities aged 5 to 12 years to inform the development of family-centred participation-fostering interventions.MethodA systematic search was performed for articles published in English between 2001 and 2017 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and ASSIA following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality of evidence was appraised using the Research Triangle Institute Item Bank. Family factors associated with participation were identified and assessed using a multistage 'semi-quantitative' approach.ResultsThirty studies were included in the review. Four non-modifiable 'status' factors consistently associated with participation were parental ethnicity, parental education, family type, and family socio-economic status. Six modifiable 'process' factors with consistent associations with participation were parental mental and physical health functioning, parental self-efficacy beliefs, parental support, parental time, family preferences, and activity orientation.InterpretationRehabilitation professionals should direct their focus towards modifiable family factors as primary targets for family-centred interventions. Strategies that can improve families' access to information, counselling, and community support services are likely to support children's participation by empowering families and optimizing their health and well-being.What this paper addsNon-modifiable 'status' and modifiable 'process' factors are important in participation of children with disabilities. Disadvantaged family circumstances shaped by status factors are associated with reduced participation. Key process factors for intervention are parental mental and physical health and parental self-efficacy beliefs. Other important process factors for intervention are parental support and time, family preferences, and activity orientation.
| S-EPMC6850164 | biostudies-literature
Project description:While adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), as described by the CDC-Kaiser Permanente Study, are reportedly common in both high and low-income settings, evidence on the epidemiology of ACEs in low-income settings is scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ACEs reported in young adulthood and assess their association with childhood maternal, household and community factors. We used data from the 22-23 year wave of the Birth to Twenty Plus (Bt20+) study in South Africa, the largest and longest running birth cohort in Africa. With ACEs as the main outcome measure, their association with childhood factors was assessed using regression models. As demonstrated in high-income settings, ACEs are highly prevalent in this young adult population in a middle income country. Both household and community socio-economic status in childhood was associated with the experience of ACEs and the likelihood of experiencing multiple ACEs. The attenuation of significance in adjusted models suggested that individual ACEs are correlated and may exert their effects through other ACEs. Interventions for the prevention of ACEs need to be directed not only at individuals but households as well as communities.
| S-EPMC6926197 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: African Americans have been historically underrepresented in research studies. Our aim was to evaluate factors influencing enrollment in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. Design: Patients approached to enroll in the POAAGG study were asked to complete a 15-item survey addressing demographic characteristics, knowledge of genetics and glaucoma, and opinions on human research. Survey responses were compared between subjects who enrolled (Enrollers) and did not enroll (Decliners) in the POAAGG study. Results: Enrollers (N?=?190) were 3.7 years younger (P?=?0.007) and had similar gender, education, and income level to Decliners (N?=?117). Knowledge about genetics and glaucoma was similar between groups. Enrollers were more comfortable providing DNA for research studies (93.1% vs 54.1%; P?<?0.001) and more likely to have participated in prior studies (P?=?0.003) and consider participating in future studies (P?<?0.001). Among Decliners, lack of time was the primary reason given for not enrolling. Conclusion: To increase participation of African Americans in genetic research studies, efforts should be made to raise comfort with DNA donation.
| S-EPMC5748378 | biostudies-literature