Data on the removal of turbidity from aqueous solutions using polyaluminum chloride.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mazloomi S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6117952 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:In the present study, fluoride removal from drinking water is investigated using layer-by-layer (LbL) fabricated poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) (PSS)/Al2O3 thin films. The surface morphology of the fabricated thin films is characterized using atomic force microscopy and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. Optical profilometry is used to determine the self-assembly of the multilayer thin films. The effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial fluoride content, number of bilayers, surface area, and pH is thoroughly studied. Fluoride removal increases with the number of bilayers and number of slides (total surface area). The amount of fluoride adsorbed increases from 11.32 to 26 mg L-1 when the number of substrates increases from 1 to 5. A 68% removal of fluoride is observed when 20 bilayers of PSS/Al2O3 thin films with three slides at an initial fluoride concentration of 5 mg L-1 are used, thereby bringing down the fluoride concentration level below the World Health Organization permissible limit. Slide reusability studies reveal that the fabricated thin films can be used for ten cycles without affecting the fluoride removal properties of the film. This study demonstrates the potential application of immobilized PSS/Al2O3 thin films as an effective adsorbent for drinking water purification.
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Project description:The groundwater in approximately 50% of the Bangladesh landmass contains Mn concentrations greater than the limit prescribed by the WHO drinking water guidelines. Although studies have suggested that γ-FeOOH can effectively remove Mn from water, its practicability has not been investigated, considering that the additional processes required to separate the adsorbents and precipitates are not environment-friendly. To improve the efficiency of adsorptive Mn-removal under natural conditions, we employed a cationic polymer gel composite, N,N'-Dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, methyl chloride quaternary (DMAPAAQ) loaded with iron hydroxide (DMAPAAQ + FeOOH), and a non-ionic polymer gel composite, N,N'-Dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) loaded with iron hydroxide (DMAA + FeOOH). DMAPAAQ + FeOOH exhibited a higher As removal efficiency under natural conditions while being environment-friendly. Our results suggest that the higher efficiency of the cationic gel composite is owed to the higher γ-FeOOH content in its gel structure. The maximum adsorption of Mn by DMAPAAQ + FeOOH was 39.02 mg/g. Furthermore, the presence of As did not influence the adsorption of Mn on the DMAPAAQ + FeOOH gel composite and vice versa. DMAPAAQ adsorbed As and the γ-FeOOH particles simultaneously adsorbed Mn. Our findings can serve as a basis for the simultaneous removal of contaminants such as As, Mn, Cr, and Cd.
| S-EPMC8073374 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Phenol present in industrial effluents is a toxicant matter which causes pollution of environments aqueous. In this work, scoria was modified by iron in order to increasing of adsorbent efficiency and effective removing of phenol. Effects of independent variables including pH, adsorbents dosage, contact time and adsorbate concentration on removing of phenol were studied by response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite designs (CCD). The characterization of raw scoria powder (RSP) and Iron-modified Scoria Powder (FSP) was determined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained data showed modification by iron caused the growth of new crystalline of iron oxide on the surface of FSP. Evaluated data by RSM indicated the all variables especially pH are effective in removing of phenol (P-value < 0.001) and optimum condition was obtained at pH = 5, phenol concentration = 50 mg/l, adsorbent dosage = 1 g/l and contact time = 100 min to the value of 94.99% with desirability of 0.939. Results revealed that data were fitted by Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9938) and pseudo second order kinetic (R2 = 0.9976). It was found that iron causes increasing the site active of scoria and let to significant removal of phenol.
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Project description:Background: Removal of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from wastewater containing chlorophenols, due to its toxicity, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, has been attracted much interests of researchers.Methods: In this research, K10 montmorillonite was modified by silane and imidazole (Im) for increasing the removal percentage of PCP from aqueous solutions. It was characterized by FTIR, XRF, FESEM, EDS, and BET techniques. The influence of different parameters such as initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature and agitating speed was investigated.Results: The maximum removal percentage (95%) were obtained for PCP at pH?=?4. The isotherm experimental data for pentachlorophenol was best fitted using the Langmuir model and the kinetic studies were better described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption of PCP by the adsorbent was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic.Conclusion: In this study, the modified montmorillonite by silane and imidazole is appropriate and low cost adsorbent for increasing of the removal percentage of PCP from aqueous solutions.
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Project description:The presence of elevated concentration of arsenic in water sources is considered to be health hazard globally. Calcination process is known to change the surface efficacy of the adsorbent. In current study, five adsorbent composites: uncalcined and calcined Fe3O4-HBC prepared at different temperatures (400°C and 1000°C) and environment (air and nitrogen) were investigated for the adsorptive removal of As(V) and As(III) from aqueous solutions determining the influence of solution's pH, contact time, temperature, arsenic concentration and phosphate anions. Characterizations from FTIR, XRD, HT-XRD, BET and SEM analyses revealed that the Fe3O4-HBC composite at higher calcination temperature under nitrogen formed a new product (fayalite, Fe2SiO4) via phase transformation. In aqueous medium, ligand exchange between arsenic and the effective sorbent site (?=?FeOOH) was established from the release of hydroxyl group. Langmuir model suggested data of the five adsorbent composites follow the order: Fe3O4-HBC-1000°C(N2)>Fe3O4-HBC (uncalcined)>Fe3O4-HBC-400°C(N2)>Fe3O4-HBC-400°C(air)>Fe3O4-HBC-1000°C(air) and the maximum As(V) and As(III) adsorption capacities were found to be about 3.35 mg g(-1) and 3.07 mg g(-1), respectively. The adsorption of As(V) and As(III) remained stable in a wider pH range (4-10) using Fe3O4-HBC-1000°C(N2). Additionally, adsorption data fitted well in pseudo-second-order (R2>0.99) rather than pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The adsorption of As(V) and As(III) onto adsorbent composites increase with increase in temperatures indicating that it is an endothermic process. Phosphate concentration (0.0l mM or higher) strongly inhibited As(V) and As(III) removal through the mechanism of competitive adsorption. This study suggests that the selective calcination process could be useful to improve the adsorbent efficiency for enhanced arsenic removal from contaminated water.
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Project description:The worldwide rise in biodiesel production has generated an excess of glycerol, a byproduct of the process. One of the most interesting alternative uses of glycerol is the production of solketal, a bioadditive that can improve the properties of both diesel and gasoline fuels. Even with its promising future, not much research has been performed on its toxicity in aqueous environments. In this work, solketal adsorption has been tested with two different commercial adsorbents: an activated carbon (Hydrodarco 3000) and a metal-organic framework (MIL-53). Diclofenac and caffeine were also chosen as emerging contaminants for comparison purposes. The effect of various parameters, such as the adsorbent mass or initial concentration of pollutants, has been studied. Adsorption kinetics with a better fit to a pseudo-second-order model, intraparticle diffusion, and effective diffusion coefficient were studied as well. Various isotherm equation models were employed to study the equilibrium process. The results obtained indicate that activated carbon is more effective in removing solketal from aqueous solutions than the metal-organic framework.
| S-EPMC8623111 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Phase segregation in aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of four hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs): 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate (C(n)C?im C?SO?, n = 2 and 4), tributylmethyl phosphonium methylsulfate (P???? C?SO?) and methylpyridinium methylsulfate (C?Py C?SO?) and two high charge density potassium inorganic salts (K?CO? and K?HPO?) were determined by the cloud point method at 298.15 K. The influence of the addition of the selected inorganic salts to aqueous mixtures of ILs was discussed in the light of the Hofmeister series and in terms of molar Gibbs free energy of hydration. The effect of the alkyl chain length of the cation on the methylsulfate-based ILs has been investigated. All the solubility data were satisfactorily correlated to several empirical equations. A pesticide (pentachlorophenol, PCP) extraction process based on the inorganic salt providing a greater salting out effect was tackled. The viability of the proposed process was analyzed in terms of partition coefficients and extraction efficiencies.
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Project description:For realization of a wearable artificial kidney based on regeneration of a small volume of dialysate, efficient urea removal from dialysate is a major challenge. Here a potentially suitable polymeric sorbent based on phenylglyoxaldehyde (PGA), able to covalently bind urea under physiological conditions, is described. Sorbent beads containing PGA groups were obtained by suspension polymerization of either styrene or vinylphenylethan-1-one (VPE), followed by modification of the aromatic groups of poly(styrene) and poly(VPE) into PGA. It was found that PGA-functionalized sorbent beads had maximum urea binding capacities of 1.4-2.2 mmol/g and removed ∼0.6 mmol urea/g in 8 h at 37 °C under static conditions from urea-enriched phosphate-buffered saline, conditions representative of dialysate regeneration. This means that the daily urea production of a dialysis patient can be removed with a few hundred grams of this sorbent which, is an important step forward in the development of a wearable artificial kidney.
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Project description:A magnetically modified rice husk biochar (MBC) was successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method from original biochar (BC) and subsequently used to remove phenanthrene (PHE) from aqueous solutions. The porosity, specific surface area and hydrophobicity of BC were significantly improved (approx. two times) after magnetic modification. The adsorption data fitted well to pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models. Compared with BC, MBC had a faster adsorption rate and higher adsorption capacity of PHE. The adsorption equilibrium for PHE on MBC was achieved within 1.0?h. The maximum adsorption capacity of PHE on MBC was 97.6?mg?g-1 based on the analysis of the Sips model, which was significantly higher than that of other sources of BCs. The adsorption mechanism of the two BCs was mainly attributed to the action of surface functional groups and ?-?-conjugated reactions. The adsorption of PHE on MBC mainly occurred in the functional groups of C-O and Fe3O4, but that on BC was mainly in the functional groups of -OH, N-H, C=C and C-O.
| S-EPMC5990792 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The contamination of surface and groundwater with phosphate originating from industrial and household wastewater remains a serious environmental issue in low-income countries. Herein, phosphate removal from aqueous solutions was studied using low-cost volcanic rocks such as pumice (VPum) and scoria (VSco), obtained from the Ethiopian Great Rift Valley. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted using phosphate solutions with concentrations of 0.5 to 25 mg·L-1 to examine the adsorption kinetic as well as equilibrium conditions. The experimental adsorption data were tested by employing various equilibrium adsorption models, and the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms best depicted the observations. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacities of VPum and VSco were calculated and found to be 294 mg·kg-1 and 169 mg·kg-1, respectively. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the experimental data with a coefficient of correlation of R2 > 0.99 for both VPum and VSco; however, VPum showed a slightly better selectivity for phosphate removal than VSco. The presence of competitive anions markedly reduced the removal efficiency of phosphate from the aqueous solution. The adsorptive removal of phosphate was affected by competitive anions in the order: HCO3- >F- > SO4-2 > NO3- > Cl- for VPum and HCO3- > F- > Cl- > SO4-2 > NO3- for VSco. The results indicate that the readily available volcanic rocks have a good adsorptive capacity for phosphate and shall be considered in future studies as test materials for phosphate removal from water in technical-scale experiments.
| S-EPMC7967176 | biostudies-literature