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Role of Elevated PHIP Copy Number as a Prognostic and Progression Marker for Cutaneous Melanoma.

ABSTRACT: Purpose: Previous studies have indicated an important role for pleckstrin homology domain-interacting protein (PHIP) as a marker and mediator of melanoma metastasis. Here we aimed to confirm the role of PHIP copy number in successive stages of melanoma progression.Experimental Design:PHIP copy number was examined using FISH in three independent cohorts by recording the percentage of cells harboring ?3 copies of PHIP The impact of PHIP copy number on survival was assessed using Cox regression analysis. The enrichment of PHIP was assessed in various molecular melanoma subtypes. PHIP expression was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) melanoma cohort.Results: Elevated PHIP copy number was significantly predictive of reduced distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS), and increased prevalence of ulceration in primary melanoma (cohort No. 1). By multivariate analysis, PHIP FISH scores were independently predictive of DMFS and DSS. PHIP copy number was enriched in metastatic melanomas harboring mutant NRAS or expressing PTEN protein (cohort No. 2). PHIP copy number was significantly elevated in metastatic melanomas when compared with matched primary tumors from the same patient (cohort No. 3). Several of these associations were replicated using TCGA cohort analysis.Conclusions: These results underscore the important role of PHIP copy-number elevation in melanoma progression, and identify molecular subtypes of melanoma in which PHIP is enriched. Finally, as elevated PHIP copy number appears to be selected for during the progression of primary to metastatic melanoma, these results confirm PHIP as a promising therapeutic target for melanoma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4119-25. ©2018 AACR.

SUBMITTER: Bezrookove V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6125189 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of Elevated PHIP Copy Number as a Prognostic and Progression Marker for Cutaneous Melanoma.

Bezrookove Vladimir V Nosrati Mehdi M Miller James R JR De Semir David D Dar Altaf A AA Vosoughi Elham E Vaquero Edith E Sucker Antje A Lazar Alexander J AJ Gershenwald Jeffrey E JE Davies Michael A MA Schadendorf Dirk D Kashani-Sabet Mohammed M

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 20180518 17

Purpose: Previous studies have indicated an important role for pleckstrin homology domain-interacting protein (PHIP) as a marker and mediator of melanoma metastasis. Here we aimed to confirm the role of PHIP copy number in successive stages of melanoma progression.Experimental Design:PHIP copy number was examined using FISH in three independent cohorts by recording the percentage of cells harboring ≥3 copies of PHIP The impact of PHIP copy number on surv ...[more]

PMID: 29776954

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Project description:BackgroundMelanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer whose aetiology remains elusive as both environmental and genetic factors can contribute to its development. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of multiple copies of E2F1 gene in melanoma specimens which could explain the deregulated E2F1 activity in this type of cancer. This finding suggests a key role for this transcription factor in the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Therefore, E2F1 has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for this form of skin cancer. Since germline copy number variations (CNVs) have been associated with increased susceptibility to different types of cancer, the aim of our study was to assess germline E2F1 CNV in melanoma patients. However, CNVs not necessarily lead to gene dosage imbalance, hence, further factors, in association with CNVs, could contribute to clinical manifestations. Considering that heat stress has been hypothesised as a contributing factor to skin cancer, we also investigated the effect of heat stress on E2F1 expression.MethodsE2F1 CNV was measured in genomic DNA isolated from blood of 552 patients diagnosed with melanoma and 520 healthy subjects using TaqMan Copy Number Assays. E2F1 mRNA expression was also evaluated by RT-qPCR in the melanoma cell line, SK MEL 267, before and after exposure to heat stress.ResultsWe found that patients diagnosed with melanoma (1.6%, 9/552) harboured frequently altered germline E2F1 copies compared to healthy subjects (0%, 0/520). Moreover, the difference among the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Furthermore, we found that heat exposure alone can significantly induce E2F1 expression.ConclusionsThis is the first study that shows a relation between germline E2F1 CNV and melanoma, suggesting that altered copies of this gene might be a predisposing factor to skin cancer. Our results also suggest that environmental insults, such as heat stress, could contribute to an aberrant E2F1 activity by inducing E2F1 mRNA expression. Therefore, subjects with multiple constitutive copies of E2F1 are at greater risk of developing melanoma when exposed to heat. Altogether our results corroborate with the hypothesis that susceptibility to melanoma depends on both the environment and genetic factors.

Project description:BackgroundSkin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is an extremely malignant tumor and accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Aspartate beta-hydroxylase domain containing 1 (ASPHD1) may participate in cancer progression through controlling α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. However, its role in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) has not been well studied.MethodsThe gene expression data of ASPDH1 and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from TCGA and GTEx were evaluated, and verified via the GEO database. Then, we performed GO/KEGG, GSEA, PPI network analysis to analyze the functional implications of the DEGs related to ASPHD1. Then, the association between the ASPHD1 expression and clinical parameters was investigated by Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, the survival time of SKCM patients was evaluated by plotting Kaplan-Meier curves. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between the ASPHD1 expression and lymphocytic infiltration by using the data from TISIDB and TIMER 2.0. Next, we explored the association between ASPHD1 expression and drug sensitivity. Finally, we validate the expression differences by analyzing the results of qPCR, Western blot from human normal epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cells, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) from non-tumor skin as well as melanoma tissues.ResultsThe ASPHD1 expression level was significantly upregulated in several cancers, including SKCM especially SKCM-metastasis tissues, and patients with an increased ASPHD1 expression had longer overall survival time than low expression ones. The functional enrichment analysis of ASPHD1-related DEGs showed an association with cell development regulation and tumorigenic pathways. Furthermore, the increased ASPHD1 expression level was associated with the level of immunostimulors, immunoinhibitors, chemokines, and TILs, such as CD4+, CD8+ T cell, mast cell, Th2 cell, and dendritic cell. More interesting, we found that ASPHD1 expression was tightly associated with CTLA4 and CD276 which are immune checkpoint markers. Moreover, the upregulated expression of ASPHD1 exhibited higher IC50 values for 24 chemotherapy drugs, including doxorubicin, and masitinib. Finally, the differential expression of ASPHD1 in SKCM was validated by the results of qPCR, Western blot, and IHC.ConclusionThe expression of ASPHD1 in SKCM patients is closely related to patient survival. ASPHD1 may participate in the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment. Additionally, it may serve as a prognostic biomarker for SKCM and future in-depth studies are necessary to explore its value.

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Role of Elevated PHIP Copy Number as a Prognostic and Progression Marker for Cutaneous Melanoma.

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Role of Elevated <i>PHIP</i> Copy Number as a Prognostic and Progression Marker for Cutaneous Melanoma.

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