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Plasma adiponectin levels are correlated with body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial markers in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.

ABSTRACT: STUDY DESIGN:Cross-sectional design. OBJECTIVES:This study examined the relationships between circulating adiponectin levels, body composition, metabolic profile, and measures of skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity and biogenesis. SETTINGS:Clinical Research in a Medical Center. METHODS:Plasma adiponectin was quantified in 19 individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Body composition was evaluated by dual x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Metabolic profile was assessed by basal metabolic rate (BMR), oxygen uptake (VO2), and intravenous glucose tolerance testing. Mitochondrial enzyme activity of skeletal muscle was obtained by spectrophotometric assays and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1?) and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein expression was assessed by Western blots. RESULTS:Adiponectin was negatively related to both total and regional fat mass and positively related to lean mass and muscle mass. Furthermore, there were positive relationships between adiponectin and BMR (r?=?0.52, P?=?0.02) and VO2 (r?=?0.73, P?=?0.01). Furthermore, adiponectin was positively related to citrate synthase (r?=?0.68, P?=?0.002) and complex III activity (r?=?0.57, P?=?0.02). The relationships between adiponectin and body composition remained significant after accounting for age. The relationships between adiponectin, metabolic profile, and markers of mitochondria mass and activity were influenced by age. CONCLUSIONS:The study demonstrated that adiponectin is closely related to body composition and metabolic profile in persons with SCI and further supports mechanistic studies suggesting that adiponectin may stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis.

SUBMITTER: O'Brien LC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6129201 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plasma adiponectin levels are correlated with body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial markers in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.

O'Brien Laura C LC Graham Zachary A ZA Chen Qun Q Lesnefsky Edward J EJ Cardozo Christopher C Gorgey Ashraf S AS

Spinal cord 20180320 9

<h4>Study design</h4>Cross-sectional design.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study examined the relationships between circulating adiponectin levels, body composition, metabolic profile, and measures of skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity and biogenesis.<h4>Settings</h4>Clinical Research in a Medical Center.<h4>Methods</h4>Plasma adiponectin was quantified in 19 individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Body composition was evaluated by dual x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance ...[more]

PMID: 29559683

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Project description:Spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied by deterioration in body composition and severe muscle atrophy. These changes put individuals at risk for insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. To determine the relationships between skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass, activity, and body composition, 22 men with motor complete SCI were studied. Body composition assessment was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle to measure citrate synthase (CS) and complex III (CIII) activity. CS activity was inversely related to %body fat (r = -0.57, P = 0.013), %leg fat (r = -0.52, P = 0.027), %trunk fat (r = -0.54, P = 0.020), and %android fat (r = -0.54, P = 0.017). CIII activity was negatively related to %body fat (r = -0.58, P = 0.022) and %leg fat (r = -0.54, P = 0.037). Increased visceral adipose tissue was associated with decreased CS and CIII activity (r = -0.66, P = 0.004; r = -0.60, P = 0.022). Thigh intramuscular fat was also inversely related to both CS and CIII activity (r = -0.56, P = 0.026; r = -0.60, P = 0.024). Conversely, lean mass (r = 0.75, P = 0.0003; r = 0.65, P = 0.008) and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA; r = 0.82, P = 0.0001; r = 0.84; P = 0.0001) were positively related to mitochondrial parameters. When normalized to thigh muscle CSA, many body composition measurements remained related to CS and CIII activity, suggesting that %fat and lean mass may predict mitochondrial mass and activity independent of muscle size. Finally, individuals with SCI over age 40 had decreased CS and CIII activity (P = 0.009; P = 0.004), suggesting a decrease in mitochondrial health with advanced age. Collectively, these findings suggest that an increase in adipose tissue and decrease in lean mass results in decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity in individuals with chronic SCI.

Project description:Pain affects most individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Major pain types after SCI are neuropathic or nociceptive, often experienced concurrently. Pain after SCI may be refractory to treatments and negatively affects quality of life. Previously, we analyzed whole blood gene expression in individuals with chronic SCI compared to able-bodied (AB) individuals. Most participants with SCI reported pain (N = 19/28). Here, we examined gene expression of participants with SCI by pain status. Compared to AB, participants with SCI with pain had 468 differentially expressed (DE) genes; participants without pain had 564 DE genes (FDR < 0.05). Among DE genes distinct to participants with SCI with pain, Gene Ontology Biological Process (GOBP) analysis showed upregulated genes were enriched in categories related to T cell activation or inflammation; downregulated genes were enriched in categories related to protein proteolysis and catabolism. Although most participants with pain reported multiple pain types concurrently, we performed a preliminary comparison of gene expression by worst pain problem type. Compared to AB, participants with SCI who ranked neuropathic (N = 9) as worst had one distinct DE gene (TMEM156); participants who ranked nociceptive (N = 10) as worst had 61 distinct DE genes (FDR < 0.05). In the nociceptive group, the GOBP category with the lowest P-value identified among upregulated genes was "positive regulation of T cell activation"; among downregulated genes it was "receptor tyrosine kinase binding". An exploratory comparison of pain groups by principal components analysis also showed that the nociceptive group was enriched in T-cell related genes. A correlation analysis identified genes significantly correlated with pain intensity in the neuropathic or nociceptive groups (N = 145, 65, respectively, Pearson's correlation r > 0.8). While this pilot study highlights challenges of identifying gene expression profiles that correlate with specific types of pain in individuals with SCI, it suggests that T-cell signaling should be further investigated in this context.

Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of an 8-week walking training program on glycemic control, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).DesignA pilot, single-group, pretest-posttest study.SettingA neuromuscular research laboratory.ParticipantsEleven participants with chronic SCI.InterventionAn 8-week walking training program using a treadmill, a body weight-supported system, and an assistive gait training device.Outcome measuresLevels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 were assessed before and after the walking training.ResultsFollowing the walking training, there was a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c level (P<0.01) of uncertain clinical significance. The lipid profile improved after training, as shown by a statistically and clinically significant increase in HDL-C level (P<0.01) and a statistically significant decrease in LDL-C level (P<0.1) of no clinical significance. The ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C was significantly reduced (P<0.01). In regard to inflammatory markers, concentrations of IL-6 showed a significant reduction after training (P=0.05) of unknown clinical significance, while those of CRP trended to decrease (P=0.13).ConclusionThe findings of this pilot study suggest that an 8-week walking training program may produce favorable changes in risk markers of cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic SCI as shown by clinically meaningful improvements in HDL-C, and small changes in the right direction, but uncertain clinical significance, in HbA1c, LDL-C and IL-6. A randomized controlled trial is needed to compare the effects of walking training on these outcome measures with those of other exercise modalities suitable for this population, and to see if more prolonged exercise exposure leads to favorable parameters of significant size to justify the exercise modality.

Project description:BackgroundTranscutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is a non-invasive modality in which electrodes can stimulate spinal circuitries and facilitate a motor response. This review aimed to evaluate the methodology of studies using tSCS to generate motor activity in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to appraise the quality of included trials.MethodsA systematic search for studies published until May 2021 was made of the following databases: EMBASE, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of included trials. The electrical characteristics of stimulation were summarised to allow for comparison across studies. In addition, the surface electromyography (EMG) recording methods were evaluated.ResultsA total of 3753 articles were initially screened, of which 25 met the criteria for inclusion. Studies were divided into those using tSCS for neurophysiological investigations of reflex responses (n = 9) and therapeutic investigations of motor recovery (n = 16). The overall quality of evidence was deemed to be poor-to-fair (10.5 ± 4.9) based on the Downs and Black Quality Checklist criteria. The electrical characteristics were collated to establish the dosage range across stimulation trials. The methods employed by included studies relating to stimulation parameters and outcome measurement varied extensively, although some trends are beginning to appear in relation to electrode configuration and EMG outcomes.ConclusionThis review outlines the parameters currently employed for tSCS of the cervicothoracic and thoracolumbar regions to produce motor responses. However, to establish standardised procedures for neurophysiological assessments and therapeutic investigations of tSCS, further high-quality investigations are required, ideally utilizing consistent electrophysiological recording methods, and reporting common characteristics of the electrical stimulation administered.

Dataset Information

Plasma adiponectin levels are correlated with body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial markers in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.

Publications

Plasma adiponectin levels are correlated with body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial markers in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.

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