Dataset Information

Assessing atmospheric nitrogen losses with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy: Polymer coated urea.

ABSTRACT: Although N is beneficial and essential for life, it is also a common atmospheric pollutant as nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3)-contributed largely from N fertilization. Polymer-coated urea (PCU) fertilizer is a promising controlled release fertilizer that provides improved N-release timing. Glasshouse studies were conducted to compare N2O and NH3 emissions from PCU and uncoated urea to an untreated control utilizing a non-static, non-flow-through chamber in conjunction with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy (PAIRS) for gas collection and analysis. Three short-term 20-Day Studies with sand, sandy loam, and loam soils and a full-term 45-Day Study with loam soil were completed. Volatilization of NH3 was reduced by 72% and 22% in the sandy loam and loam soils, respectively, in two of the short-term studies and by 14% in the loam in the full-term study. Evolution of N2O was reduced by 42% and 63% in the sandy loam and loam soils of the short-term studies and by 99% in the loam soil of the full-term study. No differences were observed in the sand soil. Overall, PCU decreased gaseous losses of N following fertilization while providing a steady supply of N to the plant. Higher temporal resolution was observed with the PAIRS instrumentation as compared to what is typically reported and, as such, we recommend PAIRS analysis as a viable method for studying N gas emissions.

SUBMITTER: LeMonte JJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6143244 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Assessing atmospheric nitrogen losses with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy: Polymer coated urea.

LeMonte Joshua J JJ Jolley Von D VD Story Tobin M TM Hopkins Bryan G BG

PloS one 20180918 9

Although N is beneficial and essential for life, it is also a common atmospheric pollutant as nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3)-contributed largely from N fertilization. Polymer-coated urea (PCU) fertilizer is a promising controlled release fertilizer that provides improved N-release timing. Glasshouse studies were conducted to compare N2O and NH3 emissions from PCU and uncoated urea to an untreated control utilizing a non-static, non-flow-through chamber in conjunction with photoacoustic in ...[more]

PMID: 30226891

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Project description:Optimal management of free-ranging herbivores requires the accurate assessment of an animal's nutritional status. For this purpose 'near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy' (NIRS) is very useful, especially when nutritional assessment is done through faecal indicators such as faecal nitrogen (FN). In order to perform an NIRS calibration, the default protocol recommends starting by generating an initial equation based on at least 50-75 samples from the given species. Although this protocol optimises prediction accuracy, it limits the use of NIRS with rare or endangered species where sample sizes are often small. To overcome this limitation we tested a single NIRS equation (i.e., multispecies calibration) to predict FN in herbivores. Firstly, we used five herbivore species with highly contrasting digestive physiologies to build monospecies and multispecies calibrations, namely horse, sheep, Pyrenean chamois, red deer and European rabbit. Secondly, the equation accuracy was evaluated by two procedures using: (1) an external validation with samples from the same species, which were not used in the calibration process; and (2) samples from different ungulate species, specifically Alpine ibex, domestic goat, European mouflon, roe deer and cattle. The multispecies equation was highly accurate in terms of the coefficient of determination for calibration R2 = 0.98, standard error of validation SECV = 0.10, standard error of external validation SEP = 0.12, ratio of performance to deviation RPD = 5.3, and range error of prediction RER = 28.4. The accuracy of the multispecies equation to predict other herbivore species was also satisfactory (R2 > 0.86, SEP < 0.27, RPD > 2.6, and RER > 8.1). Lastly, the agreement between multi- and monospecies calibrations was also confirmed by the Bland-Altman method. In conclusion, our single multispecies equation can be used as a reliable, cost-effective, easy and powerful analytical method to assess FN in a wide range of herbivore species.

Dataset Information

Assessing atmospheric nitrogen losses with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy: Polymer coated urea.

Publications

Assessing atmospheric nitrogen losses with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy: Polymer coated urea.

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