Dataset Information

Scapular Body Fracture in the Athlete: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Scapular body fractures generally occur as a result of high-energy, direct trauma to the shoulder sustained in automobile accidents. While such mechanisms have been well described, little is known about scapular body fractures sustained during sporting activities.

Questions/purposes

We sought to systematically review the literature on scapular body fracture sustained during sporting activity, recording rates and mechanisms of injury, management strategies, and return-to-sport times.

Methods

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review of studies conducted between 1985 and 2017. Inclusion criteria were studies examining scapular body fractures sustained during sporting activity, fracture management, and patient outcomes. Exclusion criteria were studies on non-sporting-related fractures and those not reporting fracture management or patient outcomes.

Results

Nine studies encompassing ten cases of scapular body fracture sustained during sporting activity were identified, with acute trauma responsible for 70% of fractures. No patient sustained any associated injuries. Fractures were treated conservatively in 90% of cases, with no reported complications. Mean overall time to return to sport was 2.5 months, while no significant difference in return to sport was appreciated in athletes with acute versus fatigue fractures.

Conclusion

Scapular body fractures in athletes occur primarily from muscle contraction against a resisted force in the upper extremity during contact sports. Unlike non-sporting fractures, these fractures usually involve low-energy mechanisms without associated injury and conservative treatment is usually successful.

SUBMITTER: Neral M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6148589 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Scapular Body Fracture in the Athlete: A Systematic Review.

Neral Mithun M Knapik Derrick M DM Wetzel Robert J RJ Salata Michael J MJ Voos James E JE

HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery 20180813 3

<h4>Background</h4>Scapular body fractures generally occur as a result of high-energy, direct trauma to the shoulder sustained in automobile accidents. While such mechanisms have been well described, little is known about scapular body fractures sustained during sporting activities.<h4>Questions/purposes</h4>We sought to systematically review the literature on scapular body fracture sustained during sporting activity, recording rates and mechanisms of injury, management strategies, and return-to ...[more]

PMID: 30258341

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Project description:Our patient is a 16-year-old boy basketballer with no significant medical history or previous injuries. He fell on his right hip during jogging and sustained a right superior-posterior hip dislocation with a Pipkin type 2 fracture of the femoral head. Manipulation and reduction under sedation then general anaesthesia was unsuccessful he underwent open reduction and internal fixation. Because his fall was of low energy, an endocrinologist was consulted to rule out primary contributing factors to his fracture dislocation. He was found to have insufficient levels of vitamin D (22.4 μg/l) which was replaced subsequently. Other hormonal investigations were unremarkable. The Bone Mineral Density of his left femoral neck measured 1.098, corresponding to a Z-score of 1.1 (normal). At 2 months post operation, our patient was pain free and able to ambulate without aid. Follow up Xrays showed satisfactory alignment with no evidence of osteonecrosis. We conducted a literature search on pubmed with keywords: Hip, dislocation, fracture, minimal trauma, atraumatic, vitamin D deficiency. We then excluded post-operative dislocations and found 4 articles reporting minimal or atraumatic hip dislocations. Posterior hip dislocations have been reported in literature to be a high energy trauma, usually due to an axial load on the femur, typically with hip flexed and adducted. Complex posterior fracture-dislocation of the native hip joint in adults is usually caused by road traffic accidents or falls from heights. Native hip dislocations in adults associated with minimal or no trauma are rarely reported in literature, and are mostly due to hip dysplasia, arthritis, connective tissue disorders or spastic muscular paralysis. Of note there are no reports of vitamin D deficiency causing a hip fracture dislocation. This is the first known case of an athlete sustaining a vitamin D insufficiency fracture. In patients presenting with posterior hip dislocations after minimal or no trauma, underlying causes must be excluded. More research is necessary to investigate the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and hip dislocations.

Dataset Information

Scapular Body Fracture in the Athlete: A Systematic Review.

Background

Questions/purposes

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Scapular Body Fracture in the Athlete: A Systematic Review.

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