Dataset Information

Eliciting preferences for attributes of Newcastle disease vaccination programmes for village poultry in Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT: Newcastle disease (NCD) is an important disease of poultry, directly affecting the livelihoods of poor farmers across developing countries. Research has identified promising innovations in NCD vaccine development and field trials among village poultry have been promising. However, NCD vaccination is not currently part of village poultry extension programmes in many developing countries. Understanding the preferences for, and relative importance of, different attributes of potential vaccination programmes to prevent NCD will be crucial in designing acceptable and sustainable prevention programmes. This research employed the discrete choice experiment approach to elicit farmers' preference for attributes of NCD vaccination programmes for village poultry in rural Ethiopia. The choice experiment survey was conducted on 450 smallholder farmers. The relative importance of attributes of NCD vaccines to farmers was estimated using a random parameter logit regression model. The preferred NCD vaccine programme had greater bird-level protection (i.e. greater capacity to reduce mortality should NCD occur in a flock), was delivered by animal health development agents, and could be administered via drinking water. Results from simulations on changes in attribute levels revealed that bird-level protection capacity and delivery of vaccine by animal heath extension affect farmers' preferences more than other attributes. These findings suggest that it is important to ensure NCD vaccine programmes offer reasonable capacity to protect against mortality. It also suggests the need to understand farmers' preferred vaccine delivery mechanisms and route of vaccine administration for a wider acceptance of vaccine.

SUBMITTER: Terfa ZG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6152585 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Eliciting preferences for attributes of Newcastle disease vaccination programmes for village poultry in Ethiopia.

Terfa Z G ZG Garikipati S S Kassie G G Bettridge J M JM Christley R M RM

Preventive veterinary medicine 20180817

Newcastle disease (NCD) is an important disease of poultry, directly affecting the livelihoods of poor farmers across developing countries. Research has identified promising innovations in NCD vaccine development and field trials among village poultry have been promising. However, NCD vaccination is not currently part of village poultry extension programmes in many developing countries. Understanding the preferences for, and relative importance of, different attributes of potential vaccination p ...[more]

PMID: 30220388

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Project description:Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral disease of poultry with global importance, responsible for the loss of a potential source of household nutrition and economic livelihood in many low-income food-deficit countries. Periodic outbreaks of this endemic disease result in high mortality amongst free-ranging chicken flocks and may serve as a disincentive for rural households to invest time or resources in poultry-keeping. Sustainable ND control can be achieved through vaccination using a thermotolerant vaccine administered via eyedrop by trained "community vaccinators". This article evaluates the uptake and outcomes of fee-for-service ND vaccination programs in eight rural villages in the semi-arid central zone of Tanzania. It represents part of an interdisciplinary program seeking to address chronic undernutrition in children through improvements to existing poultry and crop systems. Newcastle disease vaccination uptake was found to vary substantially across communities and seasons, with a significantly higher level of vaccination amongst households participating in a longitudinal study of children's growth compared with non-participating households (p = 0.009). Two multivariable model analyses were used to explore associations between vaccination and chicken numbers, allowing for clustered data and socioeconomic and cultural variation amongst the population. Results demonstrated that both (a) households that undertook ND vaccination had a significantly larger chicken flock size in the period between that vaccination campaign and the next compared with those that did not vaccinate (p = 0.018); and (b) households with larger chicken flocks at the time of vaccination were significantly more likely to participate in vaccination programs (p < 0.001). Additionally, households vaccinating in all three vaccination campaigns held over 12 months were identified to have significantly larger chicken flocks at the end of this period (p < 0.001). Opportunities to understand causality and complexity through quantitative analyses are limited, and there is a role for qualitative approaches to explore decisions made by poultry-keeping households and the motivations, challenges and priorities of community vaccinators. Evidence of a bi-directional relationship, however, whereby vaccination leads to greater chicken numbers, and larger flocks are more likely to be vaccinated, offers useful insights into the efficacy of fee-for-service animal health programs. This article concludes that attention should be focused on ways of supporting the participation of vulnerable households in ND vaccination campaigns, and encouraging regular vaccination throughout the year, as a pathway to strengthen food security, promote resilience and contribute to improved human nutrition.

Project description:Bangladesh experiences some of the highest malnutrition rates in the world, and efforts are being made to increase food security and overall health status. One of the largest constrains on increasing food security is endemic diseases among livestock and poultry populations. Newcastle Disease (ND) is one of these viral endemic diseases reducing food security. However, the sero- and viro-prevalence of ND has not been thoroughly studied in rural poultry in Bangladesh. Knowledge of farm management practices and their effect on ND sero and viro-prevalence is needed before interventions can occur, and efforts to improve the endemic state of ND cannot begin without a baseline study. This cross-sectional study randomly sampled 129 rural households with 245 chickens for the sero-prevalence and active infection rate of rural chickens in two selected upazilas (sub-districts) of the Chittagong district. ELISA was used for the detection of sero-prevalence, and cloacal samples were analyzed for ND presence using one-step RT-PCR. The aims of this study were to describe farmer demography, determine the ND sero-prevalence at the household and individual chicken level, estimate the proportionate ND prevalence at the individual chicken level, determine potential risk factors for ND sero-prevalence at the household level, and determine challenges farmers face with household chicken farming. The overall household level ND sero-prevalence based on ELISA was 31.8% (41/129) (95% CI: 23.9-40.6%), whereas the overall bird level ND sero-prevalence based on ELISA was 21.2% (52/245) (95% CI: 16.5-26.8%). ND prevalence based on RT-PCR was 12.5% (4/32) (95% CI: 3.5-29.0%). The odds of ND sero-positivity was significantly higher in farms belonging to Rangunia than in farms belonging to Anowara with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.8 (95% CI: 3.3-18.6%). The odds of ND sero-positivity was significantly lower in poultry house cleaning frequency of once or twice weekly compared with once daily cleaning (OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.8%). High cleaning frequency may produce excessive stress on poultry predisposing them to infection. Poultry rearing is different between Anowara and Rangunia. Anowara (coastal) scavenging areas become restricted because of regular tide flow allowing small fishes and other aquatic animals to be the dominant scavengers in Anowara. The incoming tide also removes viral reservoirs such as feces and dead birds that may otherwise be readily accessed by healthy chickens.

Dataset Information

Eliciting preferences for attributes of Newcastle disease vaccination programmes for village poultry in Ethiopia.

Publications

Eliciting preferences for attributes of Newcastle disease vaccination programmes for village poultry in Ethiopia.

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