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Modeling the production of belly button lint.

ABSTRACT: We show that respiratory cycle provides a periodic traction force for the production of belly button lint or navel fluff. The relative motion induced between clothing and skin, during breathing, transports the clothing fibers over the abdominal skin via an asymmetric sliding mechanism effected by the specific orientation of the cuticle scales of body hair. The source of these fibers can be the piece of clothing worn adjacent the navel area or the drying towel used after shower. The ratchet like topology of hair surface ensures a net unidirectional transport of these fibers. Since the predominant direction of growth of hair in the abdomen is toward the navel, this unidirectional transport leads to a perpetual accumulation of fibers in the navel over the course of the day. By analyzing the force balance on a moving fiber and the transport dynamics of its number density distribution, we develop a mathematical model to describe the accretion rate of lint fibers in the navel.

SUBMITTER: Deepu P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6160492 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modeling the production of belly button lint.

Deepu P P

Scientific reports 20180927 1

We show that respiratory cycle provides a periodic traction force for the production of belly button lint or navel fluff. The relative motion induced between clothing and skin, during breathing, transports the clothing fibers over the abdominal skin via an asymmetric sliding mechanism effected by the specific orientation of the cuticle scales of body hair. The source of these fibers can be the piece of clothing worn adjacent the navel area or the drying towel used after shower. The ratchet like ...[more]

PMID: 30262929

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Project description:BackgroundChinese medicine belly button application (CMBBA) has been used to treat childhood diarrhea (CD) in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but its effectiveness and combination strategy still need to be clarified. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and the optimal combination strategy of CMBBA in treating CD.MethodsUp until January 2023, we searched for studies that met our inclusion criteria in six databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Chinese SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 statistics. A methodological evaluation was performed using the Cochrane Risk Bias Tool 2.0. The Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis online software was employed to evaluate evidence grading. A minimally contextualized framework was used to provide a comprehensive conclusion for the network meta-analysis. This study protocol was registered with PROSPERO.ResultsWe analyzed data from 33 RCTs that included 4,490 children with diarrhea. In terms of clinical effectiveness, CMBBA plus montmorillonite powder plus anti-infectives may be the most effective treatment option for children with diarrhea and concurrent infection according to a minimally contextualized framework. Either exclusive use of CMBBA or CMBBA in combination with modern medicine was beneficial in reducing the time to diarrhea disappearance (MD = -1.33 days, 95% CI: -1.59 to -1.08, Z = -10.103, p < 0.001) compared to modern medicine exclusively, and the difference was statistically significant. The combined usage of CMBBA could shorten the recovery time of dehydration by an average of 0.74 days (MD = -0.74 days, 95% CI: -1.10 to -0.37, Z = -3.931.103, p < 0.001). While some studies have reported mild allergic reactions and mild abdominal pain after CMBBA use, these symptoms can be cured in a relatively short period of time.ConclusionsThe combination of CMBBA, montmorillonite powder, and anti-infectives may provide superior clinical effectiveness for children with diarrhea and concurrent infection. To treat CD, CMBBA can be used effectively and safely. However, the findings must be interpreted with cautiously due to the limited number of clinical trials and the low quality of the studies. In addition, the choice of treatment plan should also be based on the specific conditions of each patient.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022380694.

Project description:Harvesting high quality lint, a long-awaited breeding goal-accomplished partly, can be achieved by identifying DNA markers which could be used for diagnosing cotton plants containing the desired traits. In the present studies, a total of 185 cotton genotypes exhibiting diversity for lint traits were selected from a set of 546 genotypes evaluated for fiber traits in 2009. These genotypes were extensively studied for three consecutive years (2011-2013) at three different locations. Significant genetic variations were found for average boll weight, ginning out turn (GOT), micronaire value, staple length, fiber bundle strength, and uniformity index. IR-NIBGE-3701 showed maximum GOT (43.63%). Clustering of genotypes using Ward's method was found more informative than that of the clusters generated by principal component analysis. A total of 382 SSRs were surveyed on 10 Gossypium hirsutum genotypes exhibiting contrasting fiber traits. Out of these, 95 polymorphic SSR primer pairs were then surveyed on 185 genotypes. The gene diversity averaged 0.191 and the polymorphic information content (PIC) averaged 0.175. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and STRUCTURE software grouped these genotypes into four major clusters each. Genetic distance within the clusters ranged from 0.0587 to 0.1030. A total of 47 (25.41%) genotypes exhibited shared ancestry. In total 6.8% (r2 ? 0.05) and 4.4% (r2 ? 0.1) of the marker pairs showed significant linkage disequilibrium (LD). A number of marker-trait associations (in total 75) including 13 for average boll weight, 18 for GOT percentage, eight for micronaire value, 18 for staple length, three for fiber bundle strength, and 15 for uniformity index were calculated. Out of these, MGHES-51 was associated with all the traits. Most of the marker-trait associations were novel while few validated the associations reported in the previous studies. High frequency of favorable alleles in cultivated varieties is possibly due to fixation of desirable alleles by domestication. These favorable alleles can be used in marker assisted breeding or for gene cloning using next generation sequencing tools. The present studies would set a stage for harvesting high quality lint without compromising the yield potential-ascertaining natural fiber security.

Dataset Information

Modeling the production of belly button lint.

Publications

Modeling the production of belly button lint.

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