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Effect of Metal Thickness on the Sensitivity of Crack-Based Sensors.

ABSTRACT: Among many attempts to make a decent human motion detector in various engineering fields, a mechanical crack-based sensor that deliberately generates and uses nano-scale cracks on a metal deposited thin film is gaining attention for its high sensitivity. While the metal layer of the sensor must be responsible for its high performance, its effects have not received much academic interest. In this paper, we studied the relationship between the thickness of the metal layer and the characteristics of the sensor by depositing a few nanometers of chromium (Cr) and gold (Au) on the PET film. We found that the sensitivity of the crack sensor improves/increases under the following conditions: (1) when Au is thin and Cr is thick; and (2) when the ratio of Au is lower than that of Cr, which also increases the transmittance of the sensor, along with its sensitivity. As we only need a small amount of Au to achieve high sensitivity of the sensor, we have suggested more efficient and economical fabrication methods. With this crack-based sensor, we were able to successfully detect finger motions and to distinguish various signs of American Sign Language (ASL).

SUBMITTER: Lee E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6163335 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Metal Thickness on the Sensitivity of Crack-Based Sensors.

Lee Eunhan E Kim Taewi T Suh Heeseong H Kim Minho M Pikhitsa Peter V PV Han Seungyong S Koh Je-Sung JS Kang Daeshik D

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20180831 9

Among many attempts to make a decent human motion detector in various engineering fields, a mechanical crack-based sensor that deliberately generates and uses nano-scale cracks on a metal deposited thin film is gaining attention for its high sensitivity. While the metal layer of the sensor must be responsible for its high performance, its effects have not received much academic interest. In this paper, we studied the relationship between the thickness of the metal layer and the characteristics o ...[more]

PMID: 30200306

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Project description:A novel ArsR-SmtB family transcriptional repressor, KmtR, has been characterised from mycobacteria. Mutants of M. tuberculosis lacking kmtR show elevated expression of Rv2025c encoding a deduced CDF-family metal-exporter. KmtR-dependent repression of the cdf and kmtR operator-promoters was alleviated by nickel and cobalt in minimal medium. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and fluorescence anisotropy (FA) show binding of purified KmtR to nucleotide sequences containing a region of dyad symmetry from the cdf and kmtR operator-promoters. A relatively large deltar(obs) in FA implies formation of high order apo-KmtR(n)-DNA and multiple complexes were detected by EMSA. Incubation of KmtR with cobalt inhibits DNA-complex assembly and metal-protein binding was confirmed by competition against 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol. KmtR is the second, to NmtR, characterised ArsR-SmtB sensor of nickel and cobalt from M. tuberculosis suggesting special significance for these ions in this pathogen. KmtR-dependent expression is elevated in complete medium with no increase in response to metals, while NmtR retains a response to nickel and cobalt under these conditions. Mixing equimolar apo-KmtR and apo-NmtR with 0.8 equivalents of nickel or cobalt gave nickel- and cobalt-dependent difference emission spectra similar to nickel(0.8)-KmtR and cobalt(0.8)-KmtR, respectively. Thus, KmtR has tighter affinities for nickel and cobalt than NmtR consistent with basal levels of these metals being sensed by KmtR but not NmtR in complete medium. More than a thousand genes encoding ArsR-SmtB related proteins are listed in databases and a proportion can be predicted to detect metals through known allosteric sites. KmtR has none of the previously defined sites. Substitution of His(88), Glu(101), His(102), His(110) or His(111) with Gln generated KmtR-variants that repress the cdf and kmtR operator-promoters even in elevated nickel and cobalt, revealing a new sensory site. Importantly, ArsR-SmtB sequence groupings do not correspond with the different sensory-motifs revealing that only the latter should be used to predict metal-sensing. Data is also available from http://bugs.sgul.ac.uk/E-BUGS-49

Dataset Information

Effect of Metal Thickness on the Sensitivity of Crack-Based Sensors.

Publications

Effect of Metal Thickness on the Sensitivity of Crack-Based Sensors.

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