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Cell-resolved blood flow simulations of saccular aneurysms: effects of pulsatility and aspect ratio.

ABSTRACT: We study the effect of pulsatile flow on the transport of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets into aneurysm geometries with varying dome-to-neck aspect ratios (AR). We use a validated two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model for blood plasma with a discrete element method for both RBCs and platelets coupled by the immersed boundary method. Flow velocities and vessel diameters were matched with measurements of cerebral perforating arteries and flow was driven by a synthetic heartbeat curve typical for such vessel sizes. We observe a flow regime change as the aspect ratio increases from a momentum-driven regime in the small aspect ratio to a shear-driven regime in the larger aspect ratios. In the small aspect ratio case, we see the development of a re-circulation zone that exhibits a layering of high (greater than or equal to 7 s) and low (less than 7 s) residence cells. In the shear-driven regime, we see high and low residence cells well mixed, with an increasing population of cells that are trapped inside the aneurysm as the aspect ratio increases. In all cases, we observe aneurysms that are platelet-rich and red blood cell-poor when compared with their respective parental vessel populations. Pulsatility also plays a role in the small aspect ratio as we observe a smaller population of older trapped cells along the aneurysm wall in the pulsatile case when compared with a steady flow case. Pulsatility does not have a significant effect in shear-driven regime aspect ratios.

SUBMITTER: Czaja B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6170784 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cell-resolved blood flow simulations of saccular aneurysms: effects of pulsatility and aspect ratio.

Czaja B B Závodszky G G Azizi Tarksalooyeh V V Hoekstra A G AG

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 20180926 146

We study the effect of pulsatile flow on the transport of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets into aneurysm geometries with varying dome-to-neck aspect ratios (AR). We use a validated two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model for blood plasma with a discrete element method for both RBCs and platelets coupled by the immersed boundary method. Flow velocities and vessel diameters were matched with measurements of cerebral perforating arteries and flow was driven by a synthetic heartbeat curve typica ...[more]

PMID: 30257923

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Project description:BackgroundVessel-wall enhancement (VWE) on black-blood MRI (BB MRI) has been proposed as an imaging marker for a higher risk of rupture and associated with wall inflammation. Whether VWE is causally linked to inflammation or rather induced by flow phenomena has been a subject of debate.PurposeTo study the effects of slow flow, spatial resolution, and motion-sensitized driven equilibrium (MSDE) preparation on signal intensities in BB MRI of patient-specific aneurysm flow models.Study typeProspective.Subjects/flow aneurysm model/virtual vesselsAneurysm flow models based on 3D rotational angiography datasets of three patients with intracranial aneurysms were 3D printed and perfused at two different flow rates, with and without Gd-containing contrast agent.Field strength/sequenceVariable refocusing flip angle 3D fast-spin echo sequence at 3 T with and without MSDE with three voxel sizes ((0.5 mm)3 , (0.7 mm)3 , and (0.9 mm)3 ); time-resolved with phase-contrast velocity-encoding 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence (4D flow MRI).AssessmentThree independent observers performed a qualitative visual assessment of flow patterns and signal enhancement. Quantitative analysis included voxel-wise evaluation of signal intensities and magnitude velocity distributions in the aneurysm.Statistical testsKruskal-Wallis test, potential regressions.ResultsA hyperintense signal in the lumen and adjacent to the aneurysm walls on BB MRI was colocalized with slow flow. Signal intensities increased by a factor of 2.56 ± 0.68 (P < 0.01) after administering Gd contrast. After Gd contrast administration, the signal was suppressed most in conjunction with high flows and with MSDE (2.41 ± 2.07 for slow flow without MSDE, and 0.87 ± 0.99 for high flow with MSDE). A clear result was not achieved by modifying the spatial resolution .Data conclusionsSlow-flow phenomena contribute substantially to aneurysm enhancement and vary with MRI parameters. This should be considered in the clinical setting when assessing VWE in patients with an unruptured aneurysm.Evidence level2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Dataset Information

Cell-resolved blood flow simulations of saccular aneurysms: effects of pulsatility and aspect ratio.

Publications

Cell-resolved blood flow simulations of saccular aneurysms: effects of pulsatility and aspect ratio.

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