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Concerted IL-25R and IL-4R? signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion.

ABSTRACT: Interleukin 25 (IL-25) is a major 'alarmin' cytokine, capable of initiating and amplifying the type immune response to helminth parasites. However, its role in the later effector phase of clearing chronic infection remains unclear. The helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus establishes long-term infections in susceptible C57BL/6 mice, but is slowly expelled in BALB/c mice from day 14 onwards. We noted that IL-25R (Il17rb)-deficient BALB/c mice were unable to expel parasites despite type 2 immune activation comparable to the wild-type. We then established that in C57BL/6 mice, IL-25 adminstered late in infection (days 14-17) drove immunity. Moreover, when IL-25 and IL-4 were delivered to Rag1-deficient mice, the combination resulted in near complete expulsion of the parasite, even following administration of an anti-CD90 antibody to deplete innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Hence, effective anti-helminth immunity during chronic infection requires an innate effector cell population that is synergistically activated by the combination of IL-4R? and IL-25R signaling.

SUBMITTER: Smith KA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6173579 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion.

Smith Katherine A KA Löser Stephan S Varyani Fumi F Harcus Yvonne Y McSorley Henry J HJ McKenzie Andrew Nj AN Maizels Rick M RM

eLife 20180921

Interleukin 25 (IL-25) is a major 'alarmin' cytokine, capable of initiating and amplifying the type immune response to helminth parasites. However, its role in the later effector phase of clearing chronic infection remains unclear. The helminth <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i> establishes long-term infections in susceptible C57BL/6 mice, but is slowly expelled in BALB/c mice from day 14 onwards. We noted that IL-25R (<i>Il17rb</i>)-deficient BALB/c mice were unable to expel parasites despite typ ...[more]

PMID: 30238872

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Project description:Helminth parasites are effective in biasing Th2 immunity and inducing regulatory pathways that minimize excessive inflammation within their hosts, thus allowing chronic infection to occur whilst also suppressing bystander atopic or autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory lesions within the central nervous system; there are very limited therapeutic options for the progressive forms of the disease and none are curative. Here, we used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model to examine if the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus and its excretory/secretory products (HES) are able to suppress inflammatory disease. Mice infected with H. polygyrus at the time of immunization with the peptide used to induce EAE (myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, pMOG), showed a delay in the onset and peak severity of EAE disease, however, treatment with HES only showed a marginal delay in disease onset. Mice that received H. polygyrus 4 weeks prior to EAE induction were also not significantly protected. H. polygyrus secretes a known TGF-β mimic (Hp-TGM) and simultaneous H. polygyrus infection with pMOG immunization led to a significant expansion of Tregs; however, administering the recombinant Hp-TGM to EAE mice failed to replicate the EAE protection seen during infection, indicating that this may not be central to the disease protecting mechanism. Mice infected with H. polygyrus also showed a systemic Th2 biasing, and restimulating splenocytes with pMOG showed release of pMOG-specific IL-4 as well as suppression of inflammatory IL-17A. Notably, a Th2-skewed response was found only in mice infected with H. polygyrus at the time of EAE induction and not those with a chronic infection. Furthermore, H. polygyrus failed to protect against disease in IL-4Rα-/- mice. Together these results indicate that the EAE disease protective mechanism of H. polygyrus is likely to be predominantly Th2 deviation, and further highlights Th2-biasing as a future therapeutic strategy for MS.

Dataset Information

Concerted IL-25R and IL-4R? signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion.

Publications

Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion.

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