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In vivo toxicity evaluation of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on adult zebrafish: a comparative study.

ABSTRACT: In this study, toxicity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was compared using zebrafish as a model organism. At 96 h, LC₅₀ of AgNPs and AuNPs was found to be 24.5 µg/L and 41 mg/L, respectively. Following the LC₅₀ determination, half of the LC₅₀ of AgNPs (12.25 µg/L) and AuNPs (20.5 mg/L) was exposed to adult zebrafishes for 14 days. Morphological changes, liver marker enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, genotoxic effects and mRNA expression levels of oxidative stress and innate immune response related genes were studied using nanoparticle treated gill, liver and blood cells. In this study, AgNP-treated gill and liver tissues showed a number of morphological changes such as cell membrane damage, irregular cell outlines, pyknotic nuclei and complete disruption of gill and liver cells; on the contrary, AuNPs treated liver tissues alone showed such changes. The levels of liver marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased after AgNPs treatment when compared to AuNPs treatment. AgNP-treated liver cells showed higher levels of ROS generation than the control; on the other hand, AuNPs treatment exhibited lower levels of ROS generation than the control. Interestingly, AgNP-treated blood cells showed micronuclei formation and nuclear abnormalities, while AuNPs treatment did not show such effects. Based on these observations, it is clear that AgNPs may cause oxidative stress and immunotoxicity to adult zebrafish than the AuNPs. However, these results clearly reveal the significance of relatively safe and less toxic bionanomaterials for possible biomedical applications.

SUBMITTER: Ramachandran R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6173680 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In vivo toxicity evaluation of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on adult zebrafish: a comparative study.

Ramachandran Rajan R Krishnaraj Chandran C Kumar V K Abhay VKA Harper Stacey L SL Kalaichelvan Thangavelu P TP Yun Soon-Il SI

3 Biotech 20181005 10

In this study, toxicity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was compared using zebrafish as a model organism. At 96 h, LC50 of AgNPs and AuNPs was found to be 24.5 µg/L and 41 mg/L, respectively. Following the LC50 determination, half of the LC50 of AgNPs (12.25 µg/L) and AuNPs (20.5 mg/L) was exposed to adult zebrafishes for 14 days. Morphological changes, liver marker enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) gen ...[more]

PMID: 30306010

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Project description:Introduction:Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are widely used as feed additives for livestock and poultry and implicated in many biomedical applications; however, overload of copper NPs induces various toxicological changes and dysfunction of animal's organs. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the comparative toxicological effects of biologically and chemically synthesized CuO-NPs on mice. Methods:Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize the sizes, shapes and functional groups of CuO-NPs. Forty-five mice were randomly allocated into three groups. Control group received distilled water. The second group was administered a single dose of biologically synthesized CuO-NPs (500 mg/kg bw) orally. The third group was administered a single dose of chemically synthesized CuO-NPs (500 mg/kg bw) orally. Results:TEM revealed that biologically synthesized NPs were spherical in shape, whereas chemically synthesized NPs were spherical or elongated in shape. XRD showed that the size of biologically synthesized NPs ranged from 4.14 to 12.82 nm and that of chemically synthesized NPs ranged from 4.06 to 26.82 nm. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that the peaks appeared between 779 cm-1 and 425 cm-1 in biologically synthesized NPs and between 858 cm-1 and 524 cm-1 in chemically synthesized NPs were for Cu-O nanostructure. Four mice died due to administration of biologically synthesized CuO-NPs. Both biologically and chemically synthesized CuO-NPs induced leukocytosis, elevated serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and serum levels of urea and creatinine and increased P53 mRNA and caspase-3 protein expressions in hepatic tissues. Moreover, CuO-NPs induced degenerative and necrotized changes in hepatic, renal and splenic tissues. Biochemical, apoptotic and pathological changes were more serious in mice administered with biologically synthesized CuO-NPs. Conclusion:This study indicated that a high dose of biologically and chemically synthesized CuO-NPs induced adverse effects on hepatic, renal and splenic tissues. At the same dose level, the biologically synthesized CuO-NPs evoked more potent toxic effects than the chemically synthesized CuO-NPs.

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In vivo toxicity evaluation of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on adult zebrafish: a comparative study.

Publications

In vivo toxicity evaluation of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on adult zebrafish: a comparative study.

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