Dataset Information

Blood-derived plasminogen drives brain inflammation and plaque deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

ABSTRACT: Two of the most predominant features of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain are deposition of ?-amyloid (A?) plaques and inflammation. The mechanism behind these pathologies remains unknown, but there is evidence to suggest that inflammation may predate the deposition of A?. Furthermore, immune activation is increasingly being recognized as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of the disease, and disorders involving systemic inflammation, such as infection, aging, obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and depression are risk factors for the development of AD. Plasminogen (PLG) is primarily a blood protein synthesized in the liver, which when cleaved into its active form, plasmin (PL), plays roles in fibrinolysis, wound healing, cell signaling, and inflammatory regulation. Here we show that PL in the blood is a regulator of brain inflammatory action and AD pathology. Depletion of PLG in the plasma of an AD mouse model through antisense oligonucleotide technology dramatically improved AD pathology and decreased glial cell activation in the brain, whereas an increase in PL activity through ?-2-antiplasmin (A2AP) antisense oligonucleotide treatment exacerbated the brain's immune response and plaque deposition. These studies suggest a crucial role for peripheral PL in mediating neuroimmune cell activation and AD progression and could provide a link to systemic inflammatory risk factors that are known to be associated with AD development.

SUBMITTER: Baker SK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6187132 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Blood-derived plasminogen drives brain inflammation and plaque deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Baker Sarah K SK Chen Zu-Lin ZL Norris Erin H EH Revenko Alexey S AS MacLeod A Robert AR Strickland Sidney S

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20180925 41

Two of the most predominant features of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain are deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and inflammation. The mechanism behind these pathologies remains unknown, but there is evidence to suggest that inflammation may predate the deposition of Aβ. Furthermore, immune activation is increasingly being recognized as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of the disease, and disorders involving systemic inflammation, such as infection, aging, obesity, atherosclerosis, dia ...[more]

PMID: 30254165

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Project description:Objective- Alterations in extracellular matrix quantity and composition contribute to atherosclerosis, with remodeling of the subendothelial basement membrane to an FN (fibronectin)-rich matrix preceding lesion development. Endothelial cell interactions with FN prime inflammatory responses to a variety of atherogenic stimuli; however, the mechanisms regulating early atherogenic FN accumulation remain unknown. We previously demonstrated that oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) promotes endothelial proinflammatory gene expression by activating the integrin α5β1, a classic mediator of FN fibrillogenesis. Approach and Results- We now show that oxLDL drives robust endothelial FN deposition and inhibiting α5β1 (blocking antibodies, α5 knockout cells) completely inhibits oxLDL-induced FN deposition. Consistent with this, inducible endothelial-specific α5 integrin deletion in ApoE knockout mice significantly reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation, associated with reduced early atherogenic inflammation. Unlike TGFβ (transforming growth factor β)-induced FN deposition, oxLDL does not induce FN expression (mRNA, protein) or the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype. In addition, we show that cell-derived and plasma-derived FN differentially affect endothelial function, with only cell-derived FN capable of supporting oxLDL-induced VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) expression, despite plasma FN deposition by oxLDL. The inclusion of alternative exon EIIIA (EDA) of FN (EIIIA) and alternative exon EIIIB (EDB) of FN (EIIIB) domains in cell-derived FN mediates this effect, as EIIIA/EIIIB knockout endothelial cells show diminished oxLDL-induced inflammation. Furthermore, our data suggest that EIIIA/EIIIB-positive cellular FN is required for maximal α5β1 recruitment to focal adhesions and FN fibrillogenesis. Conclusions- Taken together, our data demonstrate that endothelial α5 integrins drive oxLDL-induced FN deposition and early atherogenic inflammation. Additionally, we show that α5β1-dependent endothelial FN deposition mediates oxLDL-dependent endothelial inflammation and FN fibrillogenesis.

Dataset Information

Blood-derived plasminogen drives brain inflammation and plaque deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Publications

Blood-derived plasminogen drives brain inflammation and plaque deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

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