Dataset Information

Bone Healing in Rabbit Calvaria Defects Using a Synthetic Bone Substitute: A Histological and Micro-CT Comparative Study.

ABSTRACT: Bioactive alloplastic materials, like beta-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP) and calcium sulfate (CS), have been extensively researched and are currently used in orthopedic and dental bone regenerative procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of EthOss versus a bovine xenograft and spontaneous healing. The grafting materials were implanted in standardized 8 mm circular bicortical bone defects in rabbit calvariae. A third similar defect in each animal was left empty for natural healing. Six male rabbits were used. After eight weeks of healing, the animals were euthanized and the bone tissue was analyzed using histology and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Defects treated with ?-TCP/CS showed the greatest bone regeneration and graft resorption, although differences between groups were not statistically significant. At sites that healed spontaneously, the trabecular number was lower (p < 0.05) and trabecular separation was higher (p < 0.05), compared to sites treated with ?-TCP/CS or xenograft. Trabecular thickness was higher at sites treated with the bovine xenograft (p < 0.05) compared to sites filled with ?-TCP/CS or sites that healed spontaneously. In conclusion, the novel ?-TCP/CS grafting material performed well as a bioactive and biomimetic alloplastic bone substitute when used in cranial defects in this animal model.

SUBMITTER: Leventis M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6213059 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bone Healing in Rabbit Calvaria Defects Using a Synthetic Bone Substitute: A Histological and Micro-CT Comparative Study.

Leventis Minas M Fairbairn Peter P Mangham Chas C Galanos Antonios A Vasiliadis Orestis O Papavasileiou Danai D Horowitz Robert R

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 20181017 10

Bioactive alloplastic materials, like beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and calcium sulfate (CS), have been extensively researched and are currently used in orthopedic and dental bone regenerative procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of EthOss versus a bovine xenograft and spontaneous healing. The grafting materials were implanted in standardized 8 mm circular bicortical bone defects in rabbit calvariae. A third similar defect in each animal was left empty for nat ...[more]

PMID: 30336544

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Project description:This study was designed to evaluate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone regeneration during the bone-tendon junction healing process and to explore the application of synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography in three dimensional visualization of the bone-tendon junction to evaluate the microarchitecture of new trabecular bone. Twenty four mature New Zealand rabbits underwent partial patellectomy to establish a bone-tendon junction injury model at the patella-patellar tendon complex. Animals were then divided into low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment (20 min/day, 7 times/week) and placebo control groups, and were euthanized at week 8 and 16 postoperatively (n = 6 for each group and time point). The patella-patellar tendon specimens were harvested for radiographic, histological and synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography detection. The area of the newly formed bone in the ultrasound group was significantly greater than that of control group at postoperative week 8 and 16. The high resolution three dimensional visualization images of the bone-tendon junction were acquired by synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment promoted dense and irregular woven bone formation at week 8 with greater bone volume fraction, number and thickness of new trabecular bone but with lower separation. At week 16, ultrasound group specimens contained mature lamellar bone with higher bone volume fraction and thicker trabeculae than that of control group; however, there was no significant difference in separation and number of the new trabecular bone. This study confirms that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment is able to promote bone formation and remodeling of new trabecular bone during the bone-tendon junction healing process in a rabbit model, and the synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography could be applied for three dimensional visualization to quantitatively evaluate the microarchitecture of new bone in bone-tendon junction.

Project description:BackgroundBone grafts simultaneously delivering therapeutic proteins and antibiotics may be valuable in orthopaedic trauma care. Previously, we developed a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (pHEMA-nHA) synthetic bone graft that, when preabsorbed with 400-ng rhBMP-2/7, facilitated the functional repair of critical-size rat femoral defects. Recently, we showed that pHEMA-nHA effectively retains/releases vancomycin and rhBMP-2 in vitro. The success of such a strategy requires that the incorporation of vancomycin does not compromise the structural integrity of the graft nor its ability to promote bone healing.Questions/purposes(1) To evaluate the ability of pHEMA-nHA-vancomycin composites in combination with 3-µg rhBMP-2 to repair 5 mm rat femoral segmental defects, and (2) To determine if the encapsulated vancomycin impairs the graft/rhBMP-2-assisted bone repair.MethodspHEMA-nHA-vancomycin, pHEMA-nHA, or collagen sponge control with/without 3-µg rhBMP-2 were press-fit in 5 mm femoral defects in SASCO-SD male rats (289-300 g). Histology, microcomputed tomography, and torsion testing were performed on 8- and 12-week explants to evaluate the extent and quality of repair. The effect of vancomycin on the temporal absorption of endogenous BMP-2 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. These factors are important for bone healing initiation and stem cell recruitment, respectively.ResultsPartial bridging of the defect with bony callus by 12 weeks was observed with pHEMA-nHA-vancomycin without rhBMP-2 while full bridging with substantially mineralized callus and partial restoration of torsional strength was achieved with 3-µg rhBMP-2. The presence of vancomycin changed the absorption patterns of endogenous proteins on the grafts, but did not appear to substantially compromise graft healing.ConclusionsThe composite pHEMA-nHA-vancomycin preabsorbed with 3-µg rhBMP-2 promoted repair of 5 mm rat femoral segmental defects. With the sample sizes applied, vancomycin encapsulation did not appear to have a negative effect on bone healing.Clinical relevancepHEMA-nHA-vancomycin preabsorbed with rhBMP-2 may be useful in the repair of critical-size long bone defects prone to infections.

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Project description:BackgroundEvidence has been provided that a cell-based therapy combined with the use of bioactive materials may significantly improve bone regeneration prior to dental implant, although the identification of an ideal source of progenitor/stem cells remains to be determined.AimIn the present research, the bone regenerative property of an emerging source of progenitor cells, the amniotic epithelial cells (AEC), loaded on a calcium-phosphate synthetic bone substitute, made by direct rapid prototyping (rPT) technique, was evaluated in an animal study.Material and methodsTwo blocks of synthetic bone substitute (?0.14 cm(3)), alone or engineered with 1×10(6) ovine AEC (oAEC), were grafted bilaterally into maxillary sinuses of six adult sheep, an animal model chosen for its high translational value in dentistry. The sheep were then randomly divided into two groups and sacrificed at 45 and 90 days post implantation (p.i.). Tissue regeneration was evaluated in the sinus explants by micro-computer tomography (micro-CT), morphological, morphometric and biochemical analyses.Results and conclusionsThe obtained data suggest that scaffold integration and bone deposition are positively influenced by allotransplantated oAEC. Sinus explants derived from sheep grafted with oAEC engineered scaffolds displayed a reduced fibrotic reaction, a limited inflammatory response and an accelerated process of angiogenesis. In addition, the presence of oAEC significantly stimulated osteogenesis either by enhancing bone deposition or making more extent the foci of bone nucleation. Besides the modulatory role played by oAEC in the crucial events successfully guiding tissue regeneration (angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and inflammation), data provided herein show that oAEC were also able to directly participate in the process of bone deposition, as suggested by the presence of oAEC entrapped within the newly deposited osteoid matrix and by their ability to switch-on the expression of a specific bone-related protein (osteocalcin, OCN) when transplanted into host tissues.

Dataset Information

Bone Healing in Rabbit Calvaria Defects Using a Synthetic Bone Substitute: A Histological and Micro-CT Comparative Study.

Publications

Bone Healing in Rabbit Calvaria Defects Using a Synthetic Bone Substitute: A Histological and Micro-CT Comparative Study.

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