Dataset Information

Associations Among Dietary Fat Oxidation Responses to Overfeeding and Weight Gain in Obesity-Prone and Resistant Adults.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study tested the hypothesis that 3 days of overfeeding (OF) decreases dietary fat oxidation and predicts longitudinal weight change in adults classified as obesity prone (OP) and obesity resistant (OR) based on self-identification and personal and family weight history. Changes in diurnal profiles of plasma metabolites and hormones were measured to probe mechanisms.

Methods

Adults identified as OP (n = 22; BMI: 23.9? ± ?2.4 kg/m² ) and OR (n = 30; BMI: 20.5 ?±? 2.2 kg/m² ) completed 3 days of eucaloric (EU) feeding and 3 days of OF. On day 3, the 24-hour total and dietary fat oxidation was measured using room calorimetry and an oral ¹⁴ C tracer. Plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were frequently sampled over 24 hours. Body composition was measured annually for 4.0 ?±? 1.4 years in a subsample (n = 19 OP and 23 OR).

Results

Dietary fat oxidation over 24 hours was not altered by OF versus EU (P = 0.54). Weight gain in OP correlated with lower nocturnal NEFA concentrations during OF (r? = -0.60; P = 0.006) and impaired fuel selection over 24 hours (metabolic inflexibility, wake respiratory quotient-sleep respiratory quotient) (r = -0.48; P? = 0.04).

Conclusions

Short-term OF did not alter dietary fat oxidation. Lower nocturnal NEFA availability and metabolic inflexibility to overfeeding may be factors contributing to weight gain.

SUBMITTER: Rynders CA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6214358 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Associations Among Dietary Fat Oxidation Responses to Overfeeding and Weight Gain in Obesity-Prone and Resistant Adults.

Rynders Corey A CA Pereira Rocio I RI Bergouignan Audrey A Kealey Elizabeth H EH Bessesen Daniel H DH

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 20181101 11

<h4>Objective</h4>This study tested the hypothesis that 3 days of overfeeding (OF) decreases dietary fat oxidation and predicts longitudinal weight change in adults classified as obesity prone (OP) and obesity resistant (OR) based on self-identification and personal and family weight history. Changes in diurnal profiles of plasma metabolites and hormones were measured to probe mechanisms.<h4>Methods</h4>Adults identified as OP (n = 22; BMI: 23.9 ± 2.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup> ) and OR (n = 30; BMI: 20 ...[more]

PMID: 30358145

Similar Datasets

Project description:UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND: Animal studies show that diets containing resistant starch (RS) at levels not achievable in the human diet result in lower body weight and/or adiposity in rodents. We aimed to determine whether RS dose-dependently reduces adiposity in obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=120) were fed a moderate-fat, high-energy diet for 4 wk. Rats that gained the most weight (40%) were classified as obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rats were the 40% that gained the least weight. OP and OR rats were randomly allocated to one of six groups (n=8 for each phenotype). One group was killed for baseline measurements, the other five groups were allocated to AIN-93 based diets that contained 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% RS (as high amylose maize starch) for 4 wk. These diets were matched for total carbohydrate content. At 0, 4 and 7 wk from the start of the study insulin sensitivity was calculated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiposity was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). At 8 wk, rats were euthanized and fat pad weights, intestinal digesta short chain fatty acid (SCFA) pools and plasma gut hormone levels were determined. RESULTS: Obesity prone rats gained less weight with 4, 12 and 16% RS compared to 0% RS, but the effect in OR animals was significant only at 16% RS. Irrespective of phenotype, diets containing ?8% RS reduced adiposity compared to 0% RS. Energy intake decreased by 9.8 kJ/d for every 4% increase in RS. All diets containing RS increased total SCFA pools in the caecum and lowered plasma GIP concentrations compared to the 0% RS, whereas plasma GLP-1 and PYY were increased when the diet contained at least 8% RS. Insulin sensitivity was not affected by RS. CONCLUSION: RS in amounts that could be potentially consumed by humans were effective in reducing adiposity and weight gain in OP and OR rats, due in part to a reduction in energy intake, and changes in gut hormones and large bowel carbohydrate fermentation.

Project description:Contrasting with obesity, constitutional thinness (CT) is a rare condition of natural low bodyweight. CT exhibits preserved menstruation in females, no biological marker of undernutrition, no eating disorders but a bodyweight gain desire. Anorexigenic hormonal profile with high peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) was shown in circadian profile. CT could be considered as the opposite of obesity, where some patients appear to resist diet-induced bodyweight loss.The objective of this study was to evaluate appetite regulatory hormones in CTs in an inverse paradigm of diet-induced weight loss.A 4-week fat overfeeding (2640?kJ excess) was performed to compare eight CT women (body mass index (BMI)<17.5?kg?m(-)(2)) to eight female controls (BMI 18.5-25?kg?m(-)(2)). Appetite regulatory hormones profile after test meal, food intake, bodyweight, body composition, energy expenditure and urine metabolomics profiles were monitored before and after overfeeding.After overfeeding, fasting total and acylated ghrelin were significantly lower in CTs than in controls (P=0.01 and 0.03, respectively). After overfeeding, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like-peptide 1 both presented earlier (T15 min vs T30 min) and higher post-meal responses (incremental area under the curve) in CTs compared with controls. CTs failed to increase bodyweight (+0.22±0.18?kg, P=0.26 vs baseline), contrasting with controls (+0.72±0.26?kg, P=0.03 vs baseline, P=0.01 vs CTs). Resting energy expenditure increased in CTs only (P=0.031 vs baseline). After overfeeding, a significant negative difference between total energy expenditure and food intake was noticed in CTs only (-2754±720?kJ, P=0.01).CTs showed specific adaptation to fat overfeeding: overall increase in anorexigenic hormonal profile, enhanced post prandial GLP-1 and PYY and inverse to controls changes in urine metabolomics. Overfeeding revealed a paradoxical positive energy balance contemporary to a lack of bodyweight gain, suggesting yet unknown specific energy expenditure pathways in CTs.

Dataset Information

Associations Among Dietary Fat Oxidation Responses to Overfeeding and Weight Gain in Obesity-Prone and Resistant Adults.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Associations Among Dietary Fat Oxidation Responses to Overfeeding and Weight Gain in Obesity-Prone and Resistant Adults.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure