Dataset Information

Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group Consensus Guidelines on Diagnosis and Terminology.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Research and clinical translation in schizophrenia is limited by inconsistent definitions of treatment resistance and response. To address this issue, the authors evaluated current approaches and then developed consensus criteria and guidelines. METHOD:A systematic review of randomized antipsychotic clinical trials in treatment-resistant schizophrenia was performed, and definitions of treatment resistance were extracted. Subsequently, consensus operationalized criteria were developed through 1) a multiphase, mixed methods approach, 2) identification of key criteria via an online survey, and 3) meetings to achieve consensus. RESULTS:Of 2,808 studies identified, 42 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 21 studies (50%) did not provide operationalized criteria. In the remaining studies, criteria varied considerably, particularly regarding symptom severity, prior treatment duration, and antipsychotic dosage thresholds; only two studies (5%) utilized the same criteria. The consensus group identified minimum and optimal criteria, employing the following principles: 1) current symptoms of a minimum duration and severity determined by a standardized rating scale; 2) moderate or worse functional impairment; 3) prior treatment consisting of at least two different antipsychotic trials, each for a minimum duration and dosage; 4) systematic monitoring of adherence and meeting of minimum adherence criteria; 5) ideally at least one prospective treatment trial; and 6) criteria that clearly separate responsive from treatment-resistant patients. CONCLUSIONS:There is considerable variation in current approaches to defining treatment resistance in schizophrenia. The authors present consensus guidelines that operationalize criteria for determining and reporting treatment resistance, adequate treatment, and treatment response, providing a benchmark for research and clinical translation.

SUBMITTER: Howes OD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6231547 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group Consensus Guidelines on Diagnosis and Terminology.

Howes Oliver D OD McCutcheon Rob R Agid Ofer O de Bartolomeis Andrea A van Beveren Nico J M NJ Birnbaum Michael L ML Bloomfield Michael A P MA Bressan Rodrigo A RA Buchanan Robert W RW Carpenter William T WT Castle David J DJ Citrome Leslie L Daskalakis Zafiris J ZJ Davidson Michael M Drake Richard J RJ Dursun Serdar S Ebdrup Bjørn H BH Elkis Helio H Falkai Peter P Fleischacker W Wolfgang WW Gadelha Ary A Gaughran Fiona F Glenthøj Birte Y BY Graff-Guerrero Ariel A Hallak Jaime E C JE Honer William G WG Kennedy James J Kinon Bruce J BJ Lawrie Stephen M SM Lee Jimmy J Leweke F Markus FM MacCabe James H JH McNabb Carolyn B CB Meltzer Herbert H Möller Hans-Jürgen HJ Nakajima Shinchiro S Pantelis Christos C Reis Marques Tiago T Remington Gary G Rossell Susan L SL Russell Bruce R BR Siu Cynthia O CO Suzuki Takefumi T Sommer Iris E IE Sommer Iris E IE Taylor David D Thomas Neil N Üçok Alp A Umbricht Daniel D Walters James T R JT Kane John J Correll Christoph U CU

The American journal of psychiatry 20161206 3

<h4>Objective</h4>Research and clinical translation in schizophrenia is limited by inconsistent definitions of treatment resistance and response. To address this issue, the authors evaluated current approaches and then developed consensus criteria and guidelines.<h4>Method</h4>A systematic review of randomized antipsychotic clinical trials in treatment-resistant schizophrenia was performed, and definitions of treatment resistance were extracted. Subsequently, consensus operationalized criteria w ...[more]

PMID: 27919182

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Project description:BackgroundEvidence for the management of inadequate clinical response to clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia is sparse. Accordingly, an international initiative was undertaken with the aim of developing consensus recommendations for treatment strategies for clozapine-refractory patients with schizophrenia.MethodsWe conducted an online survey among members of the Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) working group. An agreement threshold of ≥75% (responses "agree" + "strongly agree") was set to define a first-round consensus. Questions achieving agreement or disagreement proportions of >50% in the first round, were re-presented to develop second-round final consensus recommendations.ResultsForty-four (first round) and 49 (second round) of 63 TRRIP members participated. Expert recommendations at ≥75% agreement included raising clozapine plasma levels to ≥350 ng/ml for refractory positive, negative, and mixed symptoms. Where plasma level-guided dose escalation was ineffective for persistent positive symptoms, waiting for a delayed response was recommended. For clozapine-refractory positive symptoms, combination with a second antipsychotic (amisulpride and oral aripiprazole) and augmentation with ECT achieved consensus. For negative symptoms, waiting for a delayed response was recommended, and as an intervention for clozapine-refractory negative symptoms, clozapine augmentation with an antidepressant reached consensus. For clozapine-refractory suicidality, augmentation with antidepressants or mood-stabilizers, and ECT met consensus criteria. For clozapine-refractory aggression, augmentation with a mood-stabilizer or antipsychotic medication achieved consensus. Generally, cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychosocial interventions reached consensus.ConclusionsGiven the limited evidence from randomized trials of treatment strategies for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia (CRS), this consensus-based series of recommendations provides a framework for decision making to manage this challenging clinical situation.

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Dataset Information

Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group Consensus Guidelines on Diagnosis and Terminology.

Publications

Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group Consensus Guidelines on Diagnosis and Terminology.

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