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Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth.

ABSTRACT: The Hippo pathway and its nuclear effector Yap regulate organ size and cancer formation. While many modulators of Hippo activity have been identified, little is known about the Yap target genes that mediate these growth effects. Here, we show that yap-/- mutant zebrafish exhibit defects in hepatic progenitor potential and liver growth due to impaired glucose transport and nucleotide biosynthesis. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Yap regulates expression of glucose transporter glut1, causing decreased glucose uptake and use for nucleotide biosynthesis in yap-/- mutants, and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Nucleotide supplementation improves Yap deficiency phenotypes, indicating functional importance of glucose-fueled nucleotide biosynthesis. Yap-regulated glut1 expression and glucose uptake are conserved in mammals, suggesting that stimulation of anabolic glucose metabolism is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which the Hippo pathway controls organ growth. Together, our results reveal a central role for Hippo signaling in glucose metabolic homeostasis.

SUBMITTER: Cox AG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6236334 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth

Project description:The Hippo pathway and its nuclear effector Yap regulate organ size and cancer formation. While many modulators of Hippo activity have been identified, little is known about how Yap target genes mediate these growth effects. Here, we show that defects in hepatic progenitor potential and liver growth in yap-/- mutant zebrafish are caused by impaired glucose transport and nucleotide biosynthesis: transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Yap directly regulates expression of glucose transporter glut1, causing decreased glycolytic flux into anabolic nucleotide biosynthesis in yap-/- mutants and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Nucleotide supplementation improved Yap-deficient phenotypes, indicating functional importance of glucose-fuelled nucleotide biosynthesis. Yap-regulated Glut1 expression and glucose uptake are conserved in mammals. Our results identify Glut1 as a direct Yap target enhancing glucose uptake and utilization for anabolic nucleotide biosynthesis, which are required for organ growth. Our findings demonstrate the central role of Hippo signalling in metabolic homeostasis

2018-08-25 | GSE119024 | GEO

Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth

Project description:Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth

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Yap reprograms glutamine metabolism to increase nucleotide biosynthesis and enable liver growth

Project description:The Hippo pathway is an important regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis. It is unclear, however, how Hippo signaling provides the cellular building blocks required for rapid growth. Here, we report that transgenic zebrafish expressing an activated form of the Hippo pathway effector Yap1 develop enlarged livers and are prone to liver tumor formation. Transcriptomic profiling reveals that Yap1 reprograms genes involved in glutamine metabolism. Analysis of gene expression in WT and lf:Yap transgenic zebrafish livers.

2016-08-02 | E-GEOD-82246 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Yap reprograms glutamine metabolism to increase nucleotide biosynthesis and enable liver growth.

Project description:The Hippo pathway is an important regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis. It is unclear, however, how Hippo signalling provides the cellular building blocks required for rapid growth. Here, we demonstrate that transgenic zebrafish expressing an activated form of the Hippo pathway effector Yap1 (also known as YAP) develop enlarged livers and are prone to liver tumour formation. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling identify that Yap1 reprograms glutamine metabolism. Yap1 directly enhances glutamine synthetase (glul) expression and activity, elevating steady-state levels of glutamine and enhancing the relative isotopic enrichment of nitrogen during de novo purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of GLUL diminishes the isotopic enrichment of nitrogen into nucleotides, suppressing hepatomegaly and the growth of liver cancer cells. Consequently, Yap-driven liver growth is susceptible to nucleotide inhibition. Together, our findings demonstrate that Yap1 integrates the anabolic demands of tissue growth during development and tumorigenesis by reprogramming nitrogen metabolism to stimulate nucleotide biosynthesis.

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Yap reprograms glutamine metabolism to increase nucleotide biosynthesis and enable liver growth

2016-08-02 | GSE82246 | GEO

FOXN3 regulates hepatic glucose utilization

Project description:We sequenced mRNA from livers of 7 dpf transgenic zebrafish overexpressing foxn3 (in the liver) and non-transgenic siblings

2016-04-10 | GSE80003 | GEO

FOXN3 Regulates Hepatic Glucose Utilization.

Project description:A SNP (rs8004664) in the first intron of the FOXN3 gene is associated with human fasting blood glucose. We find that carriers of the risk allele have higher hepatic expression of the transcriptional repressor FOXN3. Rat Foxn3 protein and zebrafish foxn3 transcripts are downregulated during fasting, a process recapitulated in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. Transgenic overexpression of zebrafish foxn3 or human FOXN3 increases zebrafish hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression, whole-larval free glucose, and adult fasting blood glucose and also decreases expression of glycolytic genes. Hepatic FOXN3 overexpression suppresses expression of mycb, whose ortholog MYC is known to directly stimulate expression of glucose-utilization enzymes. Carriers of the rs8004664 risk allele have decreased MYC transcript abundance. Human FOXN3 binds DNA sequences in the human MYC and zebrafish mycb loci. We conclude that the rs8004664 risk allele drives excessive expression of FOXN3 during fasting and that FOXN3 regulates fasting blood glucose.

| S-EPMC4917433 | biostudies-literature

CDK7 regulates organ size and tumor growth by safeguarding the Hippo pathway effector Yki/Yap/Taz in the nucleus.

Project description:Hippo signaling controls organ size and tumor progression through a conserved pathway leading to nuclear translocation of the transcriptional effector Yki/Yap/Taz. Most of our understanding of Hippo signaling pertains to its cytoplasmic regulation, but how the pathway is controlled in the nucleus remains poorly understood. Here we uncover an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which CDK7 promotes Yki/Yap/Taz stabilization in the nucleus to sustain Hippo pathway outputs. We found that a modular E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4DCAF12 binds and targets Yki/Yap/Taz for ubiquitination and degradation, whereas CDK7 phosphorylates Yki/Yap/Taz at S169/S128/S90 to inhibit CRL4DCAF12 recruitment, leading to Yki/Yap/Taz stabilization. As a consequence, inactivation of CDK7 reduced organ size and inhibited tumor growth, which could be reversed by restoring Yki/Yap activity. Our study identifies an unanticipated layer of Hippo pathway regulation, defines a novel mechanism by which CDK7 regulates tissue growth, and implies CDK7 as a drug target for Yap/Taz-driven cancer.

| S-EPMC6938674 | biostudies-literature

Glucose metabolism sustains heme-induced Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote growth in vitro.

Project description:Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite alternates between an insect vector and a mammalian host. T. cruzi epimastigotes reside in the insect vector and coexist with the blood components of the vertebrate host. The metabolic profile of T. cruzi has been extensively studied; however, changes in its metabolism in response to signaling molecules present in the vector are poorly understood. Heme acts as a physiological oxidant that triggers intense epimastigote proliferation and upregulates the expression of genes related to glycolysis and aerobic fermentation in vitro. Here, heme-cultured epimastigotes increased D-glucose consumption. In fact, heme-cultured parasites secreted more succinate (the end product of the so-called succinic fermentation) followed by glucose intake. Increased succinate levels reduced the extracellular pH, leading to acidification of the supernatant. However, the acidification and proliferation stimulated by heme was impaired when glycolysis was inhibited. Otherwise, when glucose amount is enhanced in supernatant, heme-cultured parasites increased its growth whereas the glucose depletion caused a delay in proliferation. Heme supplementation increased epimastigote electron transport system-related O2 consumption rates, while glucose addition reduced both the electron transport system-related O2 consumption rates and spare respiratory capacity, indicating a Crabtree-like effect. These results show that glycolysis predominated in heme-cultured epimastigotes over oxidative phosphorylation for energy supply when glucose is present to sustain its high proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, it provided an insight into the parasite biology in the vector environment that supply glucose and the digestion of blood generates free heme that can lead to the growth of T. cruzi epimastigotes.

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TDP-43, a novel rhythmic protein, regulates the ubiquitination degradation of BMAL1, cellular glucose utilization and energy synthesis

Project description:In this study, we discovered that TDP-43 expression followed a rhythmic pattern, which was influenced by sleep deprivation. Knockdown of TDP-43 altered the mRNA and protein expression of multiple circadian genes, including BMAL1, CLOCK, CRY1, and PER2. Furthermore, TDP-43 knockdown affected the autonomous circadian wheel behavior, as well as the cognitive and balance abilities of mice. We also revealed that TDP-43 regulated the deubiquitination of BMAL1 by influencing the alternative splicing of USP13, thereby affecting the expression of USP13 and the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of BMAL1. Additionally, TDP-43 modulated the AMPK signaling pathway, leading to changes in cellular glucose uptake and ATP production.

2024-03-07 | GSE260737 | GEO

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