Prevalence and Determinants Associated With Spectacle-Wear Compliance in Aphakic Infants.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Purpose
We assess the prevalence of spectacle wear and the factors associated with compliance among aphakic infants with congenital cataracts who underwent lens extraction in South China.Methods
Infants aged 3 months to 3 years were enrolled from among participants in the Childhood Cataract Program of the Chinese Ministry of Health (CCPMOH). The prevalence and potential determinants of spectacle-wearing compliance were identified from interviews with the infants' caregivers.Results
Among 192 infant caregivers, the mean (SD) age of the infants was 1.89 (0.50) years, and 57% were males. Compliance was 30.9% in the 3-month- to 1-year-old age group, 78.0% in the 1- to 2-year-old age group, and 87.0% in the 2- to 3-year-old age group. The following two factors were associated with spectacle-wearing compliance: softness of the spectacles frame (β = 1.273, P = 0.002, odds ratio [OR] = 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-8.0) and communication with other caregivers regarding the spectacle-wearing experience (β = -2.955, P = 0.034, OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0-0.8).Conclusions
Compliance with spectacle wear was low during the earlier stage, but increased with time in aphakic infants. However, overall compliance should be improved. Therefore, efficient strategies aimed at improving spectacle-wearing compliance are needed.Translational relevance
These findings reveal the low spectacle-wearing compliance in aphakic infants and support useful information to improve compliance.
SUBMITTER: Cao Q
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6238982 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundRefractive errors are relatively common all around the world. In particular, early onset myopia is associated with a significant burden in later life. Little is known about refractive errors in preschool children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of spectacle wear, visual acuity and refractive errors in young Dutch children.MethodsWe analyzed data of three prospective population-based studies: 99,660 3- to 5-year-olds undergoing vision screening at preventive child healthcare organizations, 6934 6-year-olds from the Generation R study, and 2974 7-year-olds from the RAMSES study. Visual acuity was measured with Landolt-C or LEA charts, spectacle wear was assessed, and refractive errors at age 6 and 7 were measured with cycloplegic refraction.ResultsThe prevalence of spectacle wear ranged from 1.5 to 11.8% between 3 to 7 years with no significant gender differences. Among children with spectacle wear at 6 years (N = 583) and 7 years (N = 350) 29.8 and 34.6% had myopia respectively, of which 21.1 and 21.6% combined with astigmatism; 19.6 and 6.8% had hyperopia, 37.2 and 11.1% hyperopia and astigmatism, and 12.5 and 32.7% astigmatism only.ConclusionsSpectacle wear in European children starts early in preschool and increases to a relatively frequent visual aid at school age. Advocating early detection and monitoring of refraction errors is warranted in order to prevent visual morbidities later in life.
| S-EPMC9275042 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Refractive errors, particularly myopia, are the most common eye conditions, often leading to serious visual impairment. The age of onset is correlated with the severity of refractive error in adulthood observed in epidemiological and genetic studies and can be used as a proxy in refractive error genetic studies. To further elucidate genetic factors that influence refractive error, we analysed self-reported age of refractive error correction data from the UK Biobank European and perform genome-wide time-to-event analyses on the age of first spectacle wear (AFSW). Genome-wide proportional hazards ratio analyses were conducted in 340 318 European subjects. We subsequently assessed the similarities and differences in the genetic architectures of refractive error correction from different causes. All-cause AFSW was genetically strongly correlated (rg = -0.68) with spherical equivalent (the measured strength of spectacle lens required to correct the refractive error) and was used as a proxy for refractive error. Time-to-event analyses found genome-wide significant associations at 44 independent genomic loci, many of which (GJD2, LAMA2, etc.) were previously associated with refractive error. We also identified six novel regions associated with AFSW, the most significant of which was on chromosome 17q (P = 3.06 × 10-09 for rs55882072), replicating in an independent dataset. We found that genes associated with AFSW were significantly enriched for expression in central nervous system tissues and were involved in neurogenesis. This work demonstrates the merits of time-to-event study design in the genetic investigation of refractive error and contributes additional knowledge on its genetic risk factors in the general population.
| S-EPMC9433727 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose:To compare visual function of myopic children who had worn either defocus incorporated multiple segment (DIMS) spectacle lenses or single vision (SV) spectacle lenses over two years. Methods:We included 160 Chinese myopic (-1 diopter [D] to -5 D) children aged 8 to 13 years in a randomized clinical trial; they wore either DIMS lenses (DIMS; n = 79) or regular SV spectacles lenses (n = 81) full time for 2 years. Visual function, including high-contrast visual acuity (VA) and low-contrast VA at distance and near, binocular functions, and accommodation, before, during, and after 2 years of spectacle wear were assessed when both groups wore SV corrections. Changes of visual function between the two groups and within groups were compared. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the 2-year visual function changes between DIMS and SV groups (repeated measures analysis of variance with group as factor; P > 0.05). Statistically significant improvement in the best-corrected distance high-contrast VA (P < 0.001) and stereoacuity score (P < 0.001) were found after DIMS lens wear over 2 years. Similar findings were observed after SV spectacle lens wear. For both the DIMS and SV groups, there were statistically significant decreases in accommodative lag, monocular and binocular amplitude of accommodation after two years (P < 0.01), but not in the changes in distance low-contrast VA, near high-contrast VA, near low-contrast VA, or phoria. Conclusions:Although changes in some visual function were shown during 2 years of DIMS lens wear, similar changes were found with SV lens wear. Wear of DIMS spectacle lenses for 2 years does not adversely affect major visual function when children return to SV corrections. Translational Relevance:DIMS spectacle lenses did not cause any adverse effects on visual function.
| S-EPMC7442864 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeIndividualized ocular refraction customization (IORC) lenses can be individually adjusted depending on the initial relative peripheral refraction to determine the myopic defocus (MD). We aimed to compare visual performance of children wearing IORC lenses with different amounts of MD to determine whether higher MD resulted in greater visual compromise.MethodsThis study included 184 myopic children aged eight to 12 years, and 172 completed the trial. The participants were randomly assigned to wear IORC lenses with low (IORC-L, 2.50 D), medium (IORC-M, 3.50 D), or high (IORC-H, 4.50 D) MD or single-vision spectacle lenses (SVL). Distance and near best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and questionnaires were evaluated at baseline and after six and 12 months.ResultsCSF over all frequencies and distance and near BCVA were not affected by lens design (all P > 0.05). The SVL group outperformed the three IORC lens groups in terms of ghosting images at baseline, and IORC-H and IORC-M groups outperformed IORC-L group (all P < 0.001); however, no differences were observed at the six- or 12-month visit. There were no significant differences among the four groups for any other subjective variables at any of the follow-up visits regarding vision clarity, vision stability, eyestrain, dizziness, headache, or overall vision satisfaction (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe IORC lenses with an actual MD of 4.50 D provided acceptable objective and subjective visual performance and were well tolerated by children.Translational relevanceIORC lenses with an actual MD of 4.50 D provided acceptable visual performance.
| S-EPMC11216273 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate compliance to contact lens (CL) wear and care routines among adults in Jordan.DesignA cross-sectional study using a questionnaire administered by an interviewer was conducted among adults in Jordan between the months of May and July of the year 2022.ParticipantsAdult (≥ 18 years) contact lens wearers attending work establishments, universities and shopping centers in the cities of Amman, Aqaba and Irbid in Jordan.Main outcomes and measuresCompliance to CL wear and care in addition to CL hygiene habits were evaluated.ResultsA total of 834 (600 women) participants were included in the study with an age range of 18 to 55 years (average; 25.49 ± 7.75). Soft spherical CLs for myopia correction were worn by 45.6% of the sample, followed by cosmetic CLs (CCL) (43%). Highest compliance rate (99%) was calculated for not sharing CL with others and the lowest rate (24%) was for cleaning the CL case, with an average compliance rate of 72.25% for the sample with all habits surveyed. Medium compliance rates were related to following instructions of CL solution use including avoiding using expired solution or avoiding topping off. Risk factors for non-compliant behaviors included CCL wear, purchasing CL from beauty centers and being 25 years of age or younger.Conclusions and relevanceThis study which was performed in a non-clinical setting showed that women and young adults comprise the majority of CL wearers in Jordan. Participants were compliant with most CL wear and care behaviors except for cleaning the CL case and attending aftercare visits. Many CL wearers also reported purchasing lenses from beauty centers and online without consulting CL practitioners. There is a need for patient education regarding the hygiene of the CL case, and the necessity for consulting the CL practitioner for the appropriate type of CL including proper wear and care regimen.
| S-EPMC9833521 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Primary objective of this review was to measure compliance with spectacle use in children with refractive errors. Secondary objective was to understand the reasons for non-compliance. METHODS:The databases searched were Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL and Pubmed. All studies up to March, 2018 were included. The search terms were- ((((((Compliance [Title/Abstract]) OR Adherence [Title/Abstract]) OR Compliant [Title/Abstract]) OR Adherent [Title/Abstract])) AND (((Spectacle [Title/Abstract]) OR Spectacles [Title/Abstract]) OR Eye Glasses [Title/Abstract])) AND ((((Child [Title/Abstract]) OR Children [Title/Abstract]) OR Adolescent [Title/Abstract]) OR Adolescents [Title/Abstract]). Two researchers independently searched the databases and initial screening obtained 33 articles. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for conducting and writing the systematic review. Two reviewers assessed data quality independently using the Quality Assessment tool for systematic reviews of observational studies (QATSO). Poor quality studies were those, which had a score of less than 33% on the QATSO tool. Sensitivity analysis was done to determine if poor quality studies effected compliance. Galbraith plot was used to investigate statistical heterogeneity amongst studies. A random effects model was used to pool compliance. RESULTS:Twenty-three studies were included in the review, of which 20 were included in the quantitative analysis. All the studies were cross sectional. The overall compliance with spectacle use was 40.14% (95% CI- 32.78-47.50). The compliance varied from 9.84% (95% CI?=?2.36-17.31) to 78.57% (95% CI?=?68.96-88.18). The compliance derived in sensitivity analysis was 40.09%. Reasons for non-compliance were broken/lost spectacles, forgetfulness, and parental disapproval. CONCLUSION:Appropriate remedial measures such as health education and strengthening vision care services will be required to address poor compliance with spectacle use among children.
| S-EPMC7038539 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionA key component to analyzing wearable sensor data is identifying periods of non-wear. Traditionally, strings of consecutive zero counts (e.g. >60-minutes) are identified indicating periods of non-movement. The non-movement window length is then evaluated as wear or non-wear. Given that non-movement is not equivalent to non-wear, additional criteria should be evaluated to objectively identify periods of non-wear. Identifying non-wear is especially challenging in infants due to their sporadic movement, sleep frequency, and proportion of caregiver-generated movement.PurposeTo use hip- and ankle-worn ActiGraph wGT3X-BT (wGT3X-BT) data to identify non-wear in infants.MethodsFifteen infant participants [mean±SD; age, 8.7±1.7 weeks (range 5.4-11.3 weeks); 5.1±0.8 kg; 56.2±2.1 cm; n = 8 females] wore a wGT3X-BT on the hip and ankle. Criterion data were collected during two, 2-hour directly observed periods in the laboratory. Using raw 30 Hz acceleration data, a vector magnitude and the inclination angle of each individual axis were calculated before being averaged into 1-minute windows. Three decision tree models were developed using data from 1) hip only, 2) ankle only, and 3) hip and ankle combined.ResultsThe hip model classified 86.6% of all minutes (wear and non-wear) correctly (F1 = 75.5%) compared to the ankle model which classified 90.6% of all minutes correctly (F1 = 83.0%). The combined site model performed similarly to the ankle model and correctly classified 90.0% of all minutes (F1 = 80.8%).ConclusionThe similar performance between the ankle only model and the combined site model likely indicates that the features from the ankle device are more important for identifying non-wear in infants. Overall, this approach provides an advancement in the identification of device wear status using wearable sensor data in infants.
| S-EPMC7605692 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of erosive tooth wear (ETW) among Finnish adolescents and to evaluate how frequency as well as amount of the use of erosive products is associated with ETW. The study population consisted of 328 voluntary, >15-year-old secondary school students (males 49.1%, females 50.9%) in three municipalities in Finland. Clinical examination to measure ETW (BEWE index) was carried out by trained and calibrated dentists. Piloted questionnaires included questions on consumption of drinks, fruits and berries, as well as tooth brushing frequency. Means and medians of frequencies and amounts of consumed erosive products were calculated and associations with ETW severity were analysed by logistic regression models. One-third (36.9%) of the participants were in need of at least preventive measures for ETW (BEWE sum score ≥3), but severe ETW (BEWE sum score >9) was rare (2.1%). Boys had severe ETW significantly more frequently than girls (p < 0.001). Habitual consumption of erosive drinks was common especially among boys compared to girls (p = 0.001). ETW was significantly associated with the amount of consumed erosive drinks, fruits, or berries. The prevalence of ETW among adolescences in Finland seems to be at the same level as in other Nordic and European countries. Consumption of erosive products is common and thus, the risk for tooth erosion is high, especially in boys. In addition to erosive drinks, also berries and fruits are associated with ETW and should be included in individual dietary counselling when early signs of ETW are clinically detected.
| S-EPMC9932844 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Importance:Uncorrected refractive errors are the most common cause of visual impairment in children despite correction being highly cost-effective. Objective:To determine whether less expensive ready-made spectacles produce rates of spectacle wear at 3 to 4 months comparable to those of more expensive custom-made spectacles among eligible school-aged children. Design, Setting, and Participants:This noninferiority, double-masked, randomized clinical trial recruited children aged 11 to 15 years from January 12 through July 31, 2015, from government schools in urban and periurban areas surrounding Bangalore, India. Follow-up occurred from August 1 through September 31, 2015. Participants met the following eligibility criteria for ready-made spectacles: failed vision screening at the 6/9 level in each eye; refraction was indicated; acuity improved with correction by 2 or more lines in the better-seeing eye; the corrected acuity with the spherical equivalent was not more than 1 line less than with full correction; anisometropia measured less than 1.0 diopter; and an appropriate frame was available. Interventions:Eligible children were randomized to ready-made or custom-made spectacles. Main Outcomes and Measures:Proportion of children wearing their spectacles at unannounced visits 3 to 4 months after the intervention. Results:Of 23?345 children aged 11 to 15 years who underwent screening, 694 had visual acuity of less than 6/9 in both eyes, and 535 underwent assessment for eligibility. A total of 460 children (227 female [49.3%] and 233 male [50.7%]; mean [SD] age, 13.4 [1.3] years) were eligible for ready-made spectacles (2.0% undergoing screening and 86.0% undergoing assessment) and were randomized to ready-made (n?=?232) or custom-made (n?=?228) spectacles. Follow-up rates at 3 to 4 months were similar (184 [79.3%] in the ready-made group and 178 [78.1%] in the custom-made group). Rates of spectacle wear in the 2 arms were similar among 139 of 184 children (75.5%) in the ready-made arm and 131 of 178 children (73.6%) in the custom-made arm (risk difference, 1.8%; 95% CI, -7.1% to 10.8%). Conclusions and Relevance:Most children were eligible for ready-made spectacles, and the proportion wearing ready-made spectacles was not inferior to the proportion wearing custom-made spectacles at 3 to 4 months. These findings suggest that ready-made spectacles could substantially reduce costs for school-based eye health programs in India without compromising spectacle wear, at least in the short term. Trial Registration:isrctn.com Identifier: ISRCTN14715120.
| S-EPMC5847082 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo determine the impact of adherence to spectacle wear on visual acuity (VA) and developing literacy following vision screening at age 4-5 years.DesignLongitudinal study nested within the Born in Bradford birth cohort.Setting and participantsObservation of 944 children: 432 had failed vision screening and were referred (treatment group) and 512 randomly selected (comparison group) who had passed (<0.20 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) in both eyes). Spectacle wear was observed in school for 2 years following screening and classified as adherent (wearing spectacles at each assessment) or non-adherent.Main outcome measuresAnnual measures of VA using a crowded logMAR test. Literacy was measured by Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised subtest: letter identification.ResultsThe VA of all children improved with increasing age, -0.009 log units per month (95% CI -0.011 to -0.007) (worse eye). The VA of the adherent group improved significantly more than the comparison group, by an additional -0.008 log units per month (95% CI -0.009 to -0.007) (worse eye) and -0.004 log units per month (95% CI -0.005 to -0.003) in the better eye.Literacy was associated with the VA, letter identification (ID) reduced by -0.9 (95% CI -1.15 to -0.64) for every one line (0.10 logMAR) fall in VA (better eye). This association remained after adjustment for socioeconomic and demographic factors (-0.33, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.12). The adherent group consistently demonstrated higher letter-ID scores compared with the non-adherent group, with the greatest effect size (0.11) in year 3.ConclusionsEarly literacy is associated with the level of VA; children who adhere to spectacle wear improve their VA and also have the potential to improve literacy. Our results suggest failure to adhere to spectacle wear has implications for the child's vision and education.
| S-EPMC6009541 | biostudies-literature