Differential expression of tumor-associated genes and altered gut microbiome with decreased Akkermansia muciniphila confer a tumor-preventive microenvironment in intestinal epithelial Pten-deficient mice.

ABSTRACT: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) antagonizes PI3K-Akt signaling; therefore, Pten impairment causes tumorigenesis. However, the correlation between Pten deficiency and colon cancer has remained elusive due to numerous opposite observations. To study this correlation, we examined whether Pten deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) induces tumorigenesis. With mucosal biopsies of human colon cancer and normal colon, Pten mRNA was evaluated by quantitative PCR. Using IEC-specific Pten knockout mice (Pten?IEC/?IEC), we examined the mitotic activity of IECs; and Pten?IEC/?IEC; Apcmin/+ mice were generated by combining Pten?IEC/?IEC with Apcmin/+ mice. Tumor-associated gene was evaluated by micro-array analysis. Fecal microbiome was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that Pten mRNA level was reduced in human colon cancer relative to normal tissues. Augmented chromatids, increased Ki-67 and PCNA expression, and enhanced Akt activation were identified in IECs of Pten?IEC/?IEC mice compared to Pten+/+ littermate. Combining Pten?IEC/?IEC with Apcmin/+ condition caused rapid and aggressive intestinal tumorigenesis. However, Pten?IEC/?IEC mice did not develop any tumors. While maintaining the tumor-driving potential, these data indicated that IEC-Pten deficiency alone did not induce tumorigenesis in mice. Furthermore, the expression of tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing genes was decreased and increased, respectively, in the intestine of Pten?IEC/?IEC mice compared to controls. The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, capable of inducing chronic intestinal inflammation, was diminished in Pten?IEC/?IEC mice compared to controls. These findings suggested that altered tumor-associated gene expression and changed gut microbiota shape a tumor-preventive microenvironment to counteract the tumor-driving potential, leading to the tumor prevention in Pten?IEC/?IEC mice.

SUBMITTER: Howe C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6239937 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature