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Infant and childhood growth and frailty in old age: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Evidence from life course studies highlights the importance of infant and childhood growth as risk factors for adulthood chronic diseases. METHODS:In this sub-study of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, we studied 1078 individuals who had both information on body size from birth to 12 years of age and who were assessed for frailty according to the Fried criteria at the mean age of 71 years. RESULTS:Greater BMI gain between 2 and 11 years in boys was associated with frailty in old age (age-adjusted RRR 2.36, 95% CI 1.21, 4.63). No similar associations were observed in girls. CONCLUSIONS:Men who were frail in old age experienced accelerated BMI gain in childhood compared with those men who were not frail. This was not observed in women, which suggests that the patterns of early growth predisposing to frailty may vary by sex.

SUBMITTER: Haapanen MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6240457 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Infant and childhood growth and frailty in old age: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study.

Haapanen M J MJ Perälä M M MM Osmond C C Salonen M K MK Kajantie E E Rantanen T T Simonen M M Pohjolainen P P Eriksson J G JG von Bonsdorff M B MB

Aging clinical and experimental research 20180724 5

<h4>Background</h4>Evidence from life course studies highlights the importance of infant and childhood growth as risk factors for adulthood chronic diseases.<h4>Methods</h4>In this sub-study of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, we studied 1078 individuals who had both information on body size from birth to 12 years of age and who were assessed for frailty according to the Fried criteria at the mean age of 71 years.<h4>Results</h4>Greater BMI gain between 2 and 11 years in boys was associated with ...[more]

PMID: 30043315

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Prenatal and childhood growth and physical performance in old age--findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study 1934-1944.

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Preterm birth--a risk factor for type 2 diabetes? The Helsinki birth cohort study.

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Birthweight, childhood growth and left ventricular structure at age 60-64 years in a British birth cohort study.

Project description:BackgroundHigh left ventricular mass (LVM) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality, but information relating LVM in older age to growth in early life is limited. We assessed the relationship of birthweight, height and body mass index (BMI) and overweight across childhood and adolescence with later life left ventricular (LV) structure.MethodsWe used data from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) on men and women born in 1946 in Britain and followed up ever since. We use regression models to relate prospective measures of birthweight and height and BMI from ages 2-20 years to LV structure at 60-64 years.ResultsPositive associations of birthweight with LVM and LV end diastolic volume (LVEDV) at 60-64 years were largely explained by adult height. Higher BMI, greater changes in BMI and greater accumulation of overweight across childhood and adolescence were associated with higher LVM and LVEDV and odds of concentric hypertrophy. Those who were overweight at two ages in early life had a mean LVM 11.5 g (95% confidence interval: -2.19,24.87) greater, and a mean LVEDV 10.0 ml (3.7,16.2) greater, than those who were not overweight. Associations were at least partially mediated through adult body mass index. Body size was less consistently associated with relative wall thickness (RWT), with the strongest association being observed with pubertal BMI change [0.007 (0.001,0.013) per standard deviation change in BMI 7-15 years]. The relationships between taller childhood height and LVM and LVEDV were explained by adult height.ConclusionsGiven the increasing levels of overweight in contemporary cohorts of children, these findings further emphasize the need for effective interventions to prevent childhood overweight.

| S-EPMC5841632 | biostudies-literature

Glucose regulation and physical performance among older people: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study.

Project description:AIMS:To assess whether disturbances in glucose regulation are associated with impairment in physical performance during a 10-year follow-up. METHODS:475 Men and 603 women from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study were studied. Glucose regulation was evaluated with a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 2001-2004. Subjects were categorised as having either impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), newly diagnosed diabetes or previously known diabetes. Physical performance was assessed approximately 10 years later using the validated senior fitness test (SFT). The relationship between glucose regulation and the overall SFT score was estimated using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS:The mean age was 70.8 years for men and 71.0 years for women when physical performance was assessed. The mean SFT score for the whole population was 45.0 (SD 17.5) points. The SFT score decreased gradually with increased impairment in glucose regulation. Individuals with previously known diabetes had the lowest overall SFT score in the fully adjusted model (mean difference compared to normoglycaemic individuals -?11.56 points, 95% CI - 16.15 to - 6.98, p?<?0.001). Both individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes and individuals with IGT had significantly poorer physical performance compared to those with normoglycaemia. No significant difference in physical performance was found between those with IFG and those with normoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS:Among older people, impaired glucose regulation is strongly related with poor physical performance. More severe disturbances in glucose regulation are associated with a greater decrease in physical function, indicating the importance of diagnosing these disturbances at an early stage.

| S-EPMC6150438 | biostudies-literature

Associations of birth size, infancy, and childhood growth with intelligence quotient at 5 years of age: a Danish cohort study.

Project description:BackgroundThe correlates of prenatal and postnatal growth on Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in childhood in term-born children living in high-income countries are not well known.ObjectivesWe examined how birth size and growth in infancy and childhood were associated with IQ at age 5 y in term-born children using path analysis.MethodsThe study sample comprised 1719 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort who participated in a substudy in which psychologists assessed IQ using the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scales of Intelligence-Revised. Measured weight, length/height, and head circumference at birth, 5 mo, 12 mo, and 5 y were included in a path model to estimate their total, indirect, and direct effects on IQ. All growth measures were included in the model as sex- and age-standardized z-scores.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, a positive association between birth weight and IQ was observed, and 88% of the association was direct. Weight gain in infancy was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 5 to 12 mo, IQ increased by 1.53 (95% CI: 0.14; 2.92) points] whereas weight gain from 12 mo to 5 y was not associated with IQ. Height and head circumference growth in childhood was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 12 mo to 5 y, IQ increased by 0.98 (95% CI: 0.17; 1.79) and 2.09 (95% CI: 0.78; 3.41) points, respectively].ConclusionsIn children born at term in an affluent country with free access to health care, higher IQ was seen with greater size at birth and greater weight gain in infancy. Also, greater growth in height and head circumference throughout the first 5 y of life was associated with higher childhood IQ whereas greater weight gain after the first year of life was not.

| S-EPMC7326594 | biostudies-literature

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