Dataset Information

Pervasive Positive and Negative Feedback Regulation of Insulin-Like Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.

ABSTRACT: The Caenorhabditis elegans insulin-like signaling network supports homeostasis and developmental plasticity. The genome encodes 40 insulin-like peptides and one known receptor. Feedback regulation has been reported, but the extent of feedback and its effect on signaling dynamics in response to changes in nutrient availability has not been determined. We measured messenger RNA expression for each insulin-like peptide, the receptor daf-2, components of the PI3K pathway, and its transcriptional effectors daf-16/FoxO and skn-1/Nrf at high temporal resolution during transition from a starved, quiescent state to a fed, growing state in wild type and mutants affecting daf-2/InsR and daf-16/FoxO. We also analyzed the effect of temperature on insulin-like gene expression. We found that most PI3K pathway components and insulin-like peptides are affected by signaling activity, revealing pervasive positive and negative feedback regulation at intra- and intercellular levels. Reporter gene analysis demonstrated that the daf-2/InsR agonist daf-28 positively regulates its own transcription and that the putative agonist ins-6 cross-regulates DAF-28 protein expression through feedback. Our results show that positive and negative feedback regulation of insulin-like signaling is widespread, giving rise to an organismal FoxO-to-FoxO signaling network that supports homeostasis during fluctuations in nutrient availability.

SUBMITTER: Kaplan REW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6325697 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pervasive Positive and Negative Feedback Regulation of Insulin-Like Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Kaplan Rebecca E W REW Maxwell Colin S CS Codd Nicole Kurhanewicz NK Baugh L Ryan LR

Genetics 20181113 1

The Caenorhabditis elegans insulin-like signaling network supports homeostasis and developmental plasticity. The genome encodes 40 insulin-like peptides and one known receptor. Feedback regulation has been reported, but the extent of feedback and its effect on signaling dynamics in response to changes in nutrient availability has not been determined. We measured messenger RNA expression for each insulin-like peptide, the receptor daf-2, components of the PI3K pathway, and its trans ...[more]

PMID: 30425043

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Project description:Neuromodulators, such as serotonin (5-HT), alter neuronal excitability and synaptic strengths, and define different behavioral states. Neuromodulator-dependent changes in neuronal activity patterns are frequently measured using calcium reporters because calcium imaging can easily be performed on intact functioning nervous systems. With only 302 neurons, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides a relatively simple, yet powerful, system to understand neuromodulation at the level of individual neurons. C. elegans hermaphrodites are repelled by 1-octanol, and the initiation of these aversive responses is potentiated by 5-HT. 5-HT acts on the ASH polymodal nociceptors that sense the 1-octanol stimulus. Surprisingly, 5-HT suppresses ASH Ca2+ transients while simultaneously potentiating 1-octanol-dependent ASH depolarization. Here we further explore this seemingly inverse relationship. Our results show the following (1) 5-HT acts downstream of depolarization, through Gαq-mediated signaling and calcineurin, to inhibit L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; (2) the 1-octanol-evoked Ca2+ transients in ASHs inhibit depolarization; and (3) the Ca2+-activated K+ channel, SLO-1, acts downstream of 5-HT and is a critical regulator of ASH response dynamics. These findings define a Ca2+-dependent inhibitory feedback loop that can be modulated by 5-HT to increase neuronal excitability and regulate behavior, and highlight the possibility that neuromodulator-induced changes in the amplitudes of Ca2+ transients do not necessarily predict corresponding changes in depolarization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuromodulators, such as 5-HT, modify behavior by regulating excitability and synaptic efficiency in neurons. Neuromodulation is often studied using Ca2+ imaging, whereby neuromodulator-dependent changes in neuronal activity levels can be detected in intact, functioning circuits. Here we show that 5-HT reduces the amplitude of depolarization-dependent Ca2+ transients in a C. elegans nociceptive neuron, through Gαq signaling and calcineurin but that Ca2+ itself inhibits depolarization, likely through Ca2+-activated K+ channels. The net effect of 5-HT, therefore, is to increase neuronal excitability through disinhibition. These results establish a novel 5-HT signal transduction pathway, and demonstrate that neuromodulators can change Ca2+ signals and depolarization amplitudes in opposite directions, simultaneously, within a single neuron.

Dataset Information

Pervasive Positive and Negative Feedback Regulation of Insulin-Like Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Publications

Pervasive Positive and Negative Feedback Regulation of Insulin-Like Signaling in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.

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