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Lack of strategic service provisioning by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) highlights independent evolution of cleaning behaviors between ocean basins.

ABSTRACT: Marine cleaning interactions have been useful model systems for exploring evolutionary game theory and explaining the stability of mutualism. In the Indo-Pacific, cleaner organisms will occasionally "cheat" and remove live tissue, clients use partner control mechanisms to maintain cleaner honesty, and cleaners strategically increase service quality for predatory clients that can "punish" more severely. The extent to which reef communities in the Caribbean have evolved similar strategies for maintaining the stability of these symbioses is less clear. Here we study the strategic service provisioning in Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) on Caribbean coral reefs. In the Gulf of Honduras, we use video observations to analyze >1000 cleaning interactions and record >850 incidents of cheating. We demonstrate that A. pedersoni cheat frequently and do not vary their service quality based on client trophic position or cleaner shrimp group size. As a direct analog to the cleaner shrimp A. longicarpus in the Indo-Pacific, our study highlights that although cleaning interactions in both ocean basins are ecologically analogous and result in parasite removal, the strategic behaviors that mediate these interactions have evolved independently in cleaner shrimps.

SUBMITTER: Titus BM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6345747 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lack of strategic service provisioning by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) highlights independent evolution of cleaning behaviors between ocean basins.

Titus Benjamin M BM Daly Marymegan M Vondriska Clayton C Hamilton Ian I Exton Dan A DA

Scientific reports 20190124 1

Marine cleaning interactions have been useful model systems for exploring evolutionary game theory and explaining the stability of mutualism. In the Indo-Pacific, cleaner organisms will occasionally "cheat" and remove live tissue, clients use partner control mechanisms to maintain cleaner honesty, and cleaners strategically increase service quality for predatory clients that can "punish" more severely. The extent to which reef communities in the Caribbean have evolved similar strategies for main ...[more]

PMID: 30679712

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Project description:BackgroundCyanophages, viruses that infect cyanobacteria, are globally abundant in the ocean's euphotic zone and are a potentially important cause of mortality for marine picocyanobacteria. Viral host genes are thought to increase viral fitness by either increasing numbers of genes for synthesizing nucleotides for virus replication, or by mitigating direct stresses imposed by the environment. The encoding of host genes in viral genomes through horizontal gene transfer is a form of evolution that links viruses, hosts, and the environment. We previously examined depth profiles of the proportion of cyanophage containing various host genes in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone (ODZ) and at the subtropical North Atlantic (BATS). However, cyanophage host genes have not been previously examined in environmental depth profiles across the oceans.MethodologyWe examined geographical and depth distributions of picocyanobacterial ecotypes, cyanophage, and their viral-host genes across ocean basins including the North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Eastern Tropical North and South Pacific ODZs using phylogenetic metagenomic read placement. We determined the proportion of myo and podo-cyanophage containing a range of host genes by comparing to cyanophage single copy core gene terminase (terL). With this large dataset (22 stations), network analysis identified statistical links between 12 of the 14 cyanophage host genes examined here with their picocyanobacteria host ecotypes.ResultsPicyanobacterial ecotypes, and the composition and proportion of cyanophage host genes, shifted dramatically and predictably with depth. For most of the cyanophage host genes examined here, we found that the composition of host ecotypes predicted the proportion of viral host genes harbored by the cyanophage community. Terminase is too conserved to illuminate the myo-cyanophage community structure. Cyanophage cobS was present in almost all myo-cyanophage and did not vary in proportion with depth. We used the composition of cobS phylotypes to track changes in myo-cyanophage composition.ConclusionsPicocyanobacteria ecotypes shift with changes in light, temperature, and oxygen and many common cyanophage host genes shift concomitantly. However, cyanophage phosphate transporter gene pstS appeared to instead vary with ocean basin and was most abundant in low phosphate regions. Abundances of cyanophage host genes related to nutrient acquisition may diverge from host ecotype constraints as the same host can live in varying nutrient concentrations. Myo-cyanophage community in the anoxic ODZ had reduced diversity. By comparison to the oxic ocean, we can see which cyanophage host genes are especially abundant (nirA, nirC, and purS) or not abundant (myo psbA) in ODZs, highlighting both the stability of conditions in the ODZ and the importance of nitrite as an N source to ODZ endemic LLV Prochlorococcus.

Dataset Information

Lack of strategic service provisioning by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) highlights independent evolution of cleaning behaviors between ocean basins.

Publications

Lack of strategic service provisioning by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) highlights independent evolution of cleaning behaviors between ocean basins.

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