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Exploring natural variation for rice sheath blight resistance in Brachypodium distachyon.

ABSTRACT: Sheath blight caused by the soil borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA is one of the major diseases of rice in the world. Genetic resistance in rice against this disease has not been very successful. Brachypodium distachyon is considered as a model species for several cereal crops and it has been studied in the past to identify novel sources of disease resistance against cereal crop diseases. Therefore, the current study was designed to explore nonhost disease resistance in Brachypodium accessions against sheath blight pathogen of rice, Rhizoctonia solani. A total of 19 Brachypodium distachyon accessions were screened for resistance against Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. Different levels of resistance reactions were observed among accessions. Quantification of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) concentration in selected resistant (Bd3-1), moderately susceptible (Bd21), and susceptible (Bd30-1) inbred accessions revealed that Bd3-1 accumulated more JA upon pathogen infection compared to Bd21 or Bd30-1. In contrary, no differences were observed for SA accumulation in tested accessions suggesting that the resistance to R. solani in Brachypodium is due to an SA-independent defense pathway. Our study provides a new foundation to explore this area for more durable resistance against this disease.

SUBMITTER: Gill US

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6351096 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Bacterial blight, blast, and sheath blight are the commonest diseases causing substantial yield loss in rice around the world. Stacking of broad-spectrum resistance genes/QTLs into popular cultivars is becoming a major objective of any disease resistance breeding program. The varieties ASD 16 and ADT 43 are the two popular, high yielding, and widely grown rice cultivars of South India, which are susceptible to bacterial blight (BB), blast, and sheath blight diseases. The present study was carried out to improve the cultivars (ASD 16 and ADT 43) through introgression of bacterial blight (xa5, xa13, and Xa21), blast (Pi54), and sheath blight (qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) resistance genes/QTLs by MABB (marker-assisted backcross breeding). IRBB60 (xa5, xa13, and Xa21) and Tetep (Pi54; qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) were used as donors to introgress BB, blast, and sheath blight resistance into the recurrent parents (ASD 16 and ADT 43). Homozygous (BC3F3 generation), three-gene bacterial blight pyramided (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) lines were developed, and these lines were crossed with Tetep to combine blast (Pi54) and sheath blight (qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) resistance. In BC3F3 generation, the improved pyramided lines carrying a total of seven genes/QTLs (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21 + Pi54 + qSBR7-1 + qSBR11-1 + qSBR11-2) were selected through molecular and phenotypic assay, and these were evaluated for resistance against bacterial blight, blast, and sheath blight pathogens under greenhouse conditions. We have selected nine lines in ASD 16 background and 15 lines in ADT 43 background, exhibiting a high degree of resistance to BB, blast, and sheath blight diseases and also possessing phenotypes of recurrent parents. The improved pyramided lines are expected to be used as improved varieties or used as a potential donor in breeding programs. The present study successfully introgressed Pi54, and qSBR QTLs (qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) from Tetep and major effective BB-resistant genes (xa5, xa13, and Xa21) from IRBB60 into the commercial varieties for durable resistance to multiple diseases.

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Exploring natural variation for rice sheath blight resistance in Brachypodium distachyon.

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