Neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely premature infants with linear growth restriction.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Meyers JM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6351156 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely premature infants with linear growth restriction.
Meyers J M JM Tan S S Bell E F EF Duncan A F AF Guillet R R Stoll B J BJ D'Angio C T CT
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 20181023 2
<h4>Objective</h4>To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in linear growth-restricted (LGR) infants born <29 weeks with and without weight gain out of proportion to linear growth.<h4>Study design</h4>We compared 2-year neurodevelopmental outcomes between infants with and without LGR and between LGR infants with and without weight gain out of proportion to linear growth. The outcomes were Bayley-III cognitive, motor, and language scores, cerebral palsy, Gross Motor Function Classification System ( ...[more]
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Project description:ImportanceExtremely preterm (EP) infants frequently receive opioids and/or benzodiazepines, but these drugs' association with neurodevelopmental outcomes is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo describe the use of opioids and benzodiazepines in EP infants during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization and to explore these drugs' association with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years' corrected age.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study was a secondary analysis of data from the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection (PENUT) Trial, which was conducted among infants born between gestational ages of 24 weeks, 0 days, and 27 weeks, 6 days. Infants received care at 19 sites in the United States, and data were collected from December 2013 to September 2016. Data analysis for this study was conducted from March to December 2020.ExposuresShort (ie, ≤7 days) and prolonged (ie, >7 days) exposure to opioids and/or benzodiazepines during NICU stay.Main outcomes and measuresCognitive, language, and motor development scores were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition (BSID-III).ResultsThere were 936 EP infants (448 [48%] female infants; 611 [65%] White infants; mean [SD] gestational age, 181 [8] days) included in the study, and 692 (74%) had neurodevelopmental outcome data available. Overall, 158 infants (17%) were not exposed to any drugs of interest, 297 (32%) received either opioids or benzodiazepines, and 481 (51%) received both. Infants exposed to both had adjusted odds ratios of 9.7 (95% CI, 2.9 to 32.2) for necrotizing enterocolitis and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.7) for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia; they also had a longer estimated adjusted mean difference in length of stay of 34.2 (95% CI, 26.2 to 42.2) days compared with those who received neither drug. After adjusting for site and propensity scores derived for each exposure category, infants exposed to opioids and benzodiazepines had lower BSID-III cognitive, motor, and language scores compared with infants with no exposure (eg, estimated difference in mean scores on cognitive scale: -5.72; 95% CI, -8.88 to -2.57). Prolonged exposure to morphine, fentanyl, midazolam, or lorazepam was associated with lower BSID-III scores compared with infants without exposure (median [interquartile range] motor score, 85 [73-97] vs 97 [91-107]). In contrast, BSID-III scores for infants with short exposure to both opioids and benzodiazepines were not different than those of infants without exposure.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, prolonged combined use of opioids and benzodiazepines was associated with a risk of poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes as measured by BSID-III at 2 years' corrected age.
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