Dataset Information

Metabolic adaptation in the human gut microbiota during pregnancy and the first year of life.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The relationship between the gut microbiome and the human host is dynamic and we may expect adjustments in microbiome function if host physiology changes. Metatranscriptomic approaches should be key in unraveling how such adjustments occur.

Methods

We employ metatranscriptomic sequencing analyses to study gene expression in the gut microbiota of infants through their first year of life, and of their mothers days before delivery and one year afterwards.

Findings

In infants, hallmarks of aerobic metabolism disappear from the microbial metatranscriptome as development proceeds, while the expression of functions related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism increases and diversifies, approaching that observed in non-pregnant women. Butyrate synthesis enzymes are overexpressed at three months of age, even though most butyrate-producing organisms are still rare. In late pregnancy, the microbiota readjusts the expression of carbohydrate-related functions in a manner consistent with a high availability of glucose.

Interpretation

Our findings suggest that butyrate production may be ensured in the gut of young infants before the typical butyrate synthesizers of the adult gut become abundant. The late pregnancy gut microbiota may be able to access the high levels of blood glucose characteristic of this period. Moreover, late pregnancy gut bacteria may reach stationary phase, which may affect their likelihood of translocating across the intestinal epithelium.

Funds

This work was supported by grants CSD2009-00006 (CONSOLIDER Program) and SAF2009-13032-C02-02 from MICINN (Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain), and by grant SAF2012-31187 from MINECO (Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness, Spain).

SUBMITTER: Gosalbes MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6354444 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Metabolic adaptation in the human gut microbiota during pregnancy and the first year of life.

Gosalbes María José MJ Compte Joan J Moriano-Gutierrez Silvia S Vallès Yvonne Y Jiménez-Hernández Nuria N Pons Xavier X Artacho Alejandro A Francino M Pilar MP

EBioMedicine 20181108

<h4>Background</h4>The relationship between the gut microbiome and the human host is dynamic and we may expect adjustments in microbiome function if host physiology changes. Metatranscriptomic approaches should be key in unraveling how such adjustments occur.<h4>Methods</h4>We employ metatranscriptomic sequencing analyses to study gene expression in the gut microbiota of infants through their first year of life, and of their mothers days before delivery and one year afterwards.<h4>Findings</h4>I ...[more]

PMID: 30415891

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Project description:Perturbations to the colonization process of the human gastrointestinal tract have been suggested to result in adverse health effects later in life. Although much research has been performed on bacterial colonization and succession, much less is known about the other two domains of life, archaea, and eukaryotes. Here we describe colonization and succession by bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes during the first year of life (samples collected around days 1, 3, 5, 28, 150, and 365) within the gastrointestinal tract of infants delivered either vaginally or by cesarean section and using a combination of quantitative real-time PCR as well as 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Sequences from organisms belonging to all three domains of life were detectable in all of the collected meconium samples. The microeukaryotic community composition fluctuated strongly over time and early diversification was delayed in infants receiving formula milk. Cesarean section-delivered (CSD) infants experienced a delay in colonization and succession, which was observed for all three domains of life. Shifts in prokaryotic succession in CSD infants compared to vaginally delivered (VD) infants were apparent as early as days 3 and 5, which were characterized by increased relative abundances of the genera Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, and a decrease in relative abundance for the genera Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. Generally, a depletion in Bacteroidetes was detected as early as day 5 postpartum in CSD infants, causing a significantly increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio between days 5 and 150 when compared to VD infants. Although the delivery mode appeared to have the strongest influence on differences between the infants, other factors such as a younger gestational age or maternal antibiotics intake likely contributed to the observed patterns as well. Our findings complement previous observations of a delay in colonization and succession of CSD infants, which affects not only bacteria but also archaea and microeukaryotes. This further highlights the need for resolving bacterial, archaeal, and microeukaryotic dynamics in future longitudinal studies of microbial colonization and succession within the neonatal gastrointestinal tract.

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Dataset Information

Metabolic adaptation in the human gut microbiota during pregnancy and the first year of life.

Background

Methods

Findings

Interpretation

Funds

Publications

Metabolic adaptation in the human gut microbiota during pregnancy and the first year of life.

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