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Peptide-based PET quantifies target engagement of PD-L1 therapeutics.

ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint therapies have shown tremendous promise in cancer therapy. However, tools to assess their target engagement, and hence the ability to predict their efficacy, have been lacking. Here, we show that target engagement and tumor-residence kinetics of antibody therapeutics targeting programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) can be quantified noninvasively. In computational docking studies, we observed that PD-L1-targeted monoclonal antibodies (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab) and a high-affinity PD-L1-binding peptide, WL12, have common interaction sites on PD-L1. Using the peptide radiotracer [64Cu]WL12 in vivo, we employed positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution studies in multiple xenograft models and demonstrated that variable PD-L1 expression and its saturation by atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab can be quantified independently of biophysical properties and pharmacokinetics of antibodies. Next, we used [64Cu]WL12 to evaluate the impact of time and dose on the unoccupied fraction of tumor PD-L1 during treatment. These quantitative measures enabled, by mathematical modeling, prediction of antibody doses needed to achieve therapeutically effective occupancy (defined as >90%). Thus, we show that peptide-based PET is a promising tool for optimizing dose and therapeutic regimens employing PD-L1 checkpoint antibodies, and can be used for improving therapeutic efficacy.

SUBMITTER: Kumar D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6355241 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Peptide-based PET quantifies target engagement of PD-L1 therapeutics.

Kumar Dhiraj D Lisok Ala A Dahmane Elyes E McCoy Matthew M Shelake Sagar S Chatterjee Samit S Allaj Viola V Sysa-Shah Polina P Wharram Bryan B Lesniak Wojciech G WG Tully Ellen E Gabrielson Edward E Jaffee Elizabeth M EM Poirier John T JT Rudin Charles M CM Gobburu Jogarao Vs JV Pomper Martin G MG Nimmagadda Sridhar S

The Journal of clinical investigation 20190107 2

Immune checkpoint therapies have shown tremendous promise in cancer therapy. However, tools to assess their target engagement, and hence the ability to predict their efficacy, have been lacking. Here, we show that target engagement and tumor-residence kinetics of antibody therapeutics targeting programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) can be quantified noninvasively. In computational docking studies, we observed that PD-L1-targeted monoclonal antibodies (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab) and a hi ...[more]

PMID: 30457978

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Project description:BackgroundPD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently the most commonly utilized agents in clinical practice, which elicit an immunostimulatory response to combat malignancies. However, all these inhibitors are currently administered via injection using antibody-based therapies, while there is a growing need for oral alternatives.MethodsThis study has developed and synthesized exosome-wrapped gold-peptide nanocomplexes with low immunogenicity, which can target PD-L1 and activate antitumor immunity in vivo through oral absorption. The SuperPDL1exo was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and gel silver staining. The transmembrane ability of SuperPDL1exo was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Cell viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. ELISA experiments were conducted to detect serum and tissue inflammatory factors, as well as serum biochemical indicators. Tissue sections were stained with H&E for the evaluation of the safety of SuperPDL1exo. An MC38 colon cancer model was established in immunocompetent C56BL/6 mice to evaluate the effects of SuperPDL1exo on tumor growth in vivo. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to detect cytotoxicity factors such as perforin and granzymes.ResultsFirst, SuperPDL1 was successfully synthesized, and milk exosome membranes were encapsulated through ultrasound, repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and extrusion, resulting in the synthesis of SuperPDL1exo. Multiple characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of SuperPDL1exo nanoparticles. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that SuperPDL1exo exhibited excellent colloidal stability and superior cell transmembrane ability. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that SuperPDL1exo did not cause damage to multiple systemic organs, demonstrating its good biocompatibility. Finally, in the MC38 colon cancer mouse model, it was discovered that SuperPDL1exo could inhibit the progression of colon cancer, and this tumor-suppressive effect was mediated through the activation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-related immune responses.ConclusionThis study has successfully designed and synthesized an oral nanotherapeutic, SuperPDL1exo, which demonstrates small particle size, excellent colloidal stability, transmembrane ability in tumor cells, and biocompatibility. In vivo experiments have shown that it effectively activates T-cell immunity and exerts antitumor effects.

Dataset Information

Peptide-based PET quantifies target engagement of PD-L1 therapeutics.

Publications

Peptide-based PET quantifies target engagement of PD-L1 therapeutics.

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