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Changes in diet quality and home food environment in preschool children following weight management.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Family-based obesity treatment interventions can successfully reduce energy intake in preschoolers. An implicit goal of obesity treatment interventions is to improve diet quality, but diet quality has been less examined as a treatment outcome in studies of preschoolers. The purpose of this study was to conduct a secondary analysis comparing the change in diet quality and home food environment in preschoolers assigned to a behavioral family-based obesity intervention (LAUNCH), motivational interviewing (MI) condition, or standard care (STC) condition. METHODS:Three 24-h dietary recalls were completed at baseline and 6-months and were analyzed using NDS-R software; diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010). Availability of foods and beverages in the home was assessed through direct observation using the Home Health Environment tool that classifies foods and beverages as 'red' or 'green' based upon fat and sugar content. Repeated measures linear mixed effects models were used to examine changes in diet quality and home food environment between conditions (LAUNCH, MI, STC). RESULTS:At 6-months, preschoolers in the LAUNCH condition had a higher HEI-2010 total score (62.8?±?13.7) compared to preschoolers in the MI (54.7?±?13.4, P?=?0.022) and STC (55.8?±?11.6, P?=?0.046) conditions. Regarding the home food environment, families in LAUNCH had significantly less 'red' foods in their home at 6-months (12.5?±?3.4 'red' foods) compared to families in MI (14.0?±?3.7 'red' foods, P?=?0.030), and STC (14.3?±?3.4 'red' foods, P?=?0.006). There were no statistically significant differences across home food environments for number of 'green' foods. CONCLUSION:Family-based obesity treatment interventions for preschoolers can improve overall diet quality and alter the home food environment through reductions in 'red' foods. TRIAL REGISTRATION:Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01546727 . Registered March 7, 2012.

SUBMITTER: Robson SM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6360745 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changes in diet quality and home food environment in preschool children following weight management.

Robson Shannon M SM Ziegler Melissa L ML McCullough Mary Beth MB Stough Cathleen Odar CO Zion Cynthia C Simon Stacey L SL Ittenbach Richard F RF Stark Lori J LJ

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 20190204 1

<h4>Background</h4>Family-based obesity treatment interventions can successfully reduce energy intake in preschoolers. An implicit goal of obesity treatment interventions is to improve diet quality, but diet quality has been less examined as a treatment outcome in studies of preschoolers. The purpose of this study was to conduct a secondary analysis comparing the change in diet quality and home food environment in preschoolers assigned to a behavioral family-based obesity intervention (LAUNCH), ...[more]

PMID: 30717746

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Project description:ObjectivesThe home environment is thought to play a key role in early weight trajectories, although direct evidence is limited. There is general agreement that multiple factors exert small individual effects on weight-related outcomes, so use of composite measures could demonstrate stronger effects. This study therefore examined whether composite measures reflecting the 'obesogenic' home environment are associated with diet, physical activity, TV viewing, and BMI in preschool children.MethodsFamilies from the Gemini cohort (n = 1096) completed a telephone interview (Home Environment Interview; HEI) when their children were 4 years old. Diet, physical activity, and TV viewing were reported at interview. Child height and weight measurements were taken by the parents (using standard scales and height charts) and reported at interview. Responses to the HEI were standardized and summed to create four composite scores representing the food (sum of 21 variables), activity (sum of 6 variables), media (sum of 5 variables), and overall (food composite/21 + activity composite/6 + media composite/5) home environments. These were categorized into 'obesogenic risk' tertiles.ResultsChildren in 'higher-risk' food environments consumed less fruit (OR; 95% CI = 0.39; 0.27-0.57) and vegetables (0.47; 0.34-0.64), and more energy-dense snacks (3.48; 2.16-5.62) and sweetened drinks (3.49; 2.10-5.81) than children in 'lower-risk' food environments. Children in 'higher-risk' activity environments were less physically active (0.43; 0.32-0.59) than children in 'lower-risk' activity environments. Children in 'higher-risk' media environments watched more TV (3.51; 2.48-4.96) than children in 'lower-risk' media environments. Neither the individual nor the overall composite measures were associated with BMI.ConclusionsComposite measures of the obesogenic home environment were associated as expected with diet, physical activity, and TV viewing. Associations with BMI were not apparent at this age.

Project description:BackgroundHome food procurement (HFP) (i.e. gardening, fishing, foraging, hunting, backyard livestock and canning) have historically been important ways that people obtain food. Recently, some HFP activities have grown (e.g. gardening), while other activities (e.g. hunting) have become less common in the United States. Anecdotally, COVID-19 has sparked an increase in HFP evidenced by increased hunting licenses and shortages in seeds and canning supplies. HFP may have positive benefits for food security and diet quality, though research beyond gardening is especially limited in high-income countries.MethodsWe examine HFP activities since the COVID-19 pandemic began, and their relationship to food security and dietary quality using multivariable logit models and matching analysis with a statewide representative survey (n = 600) of residents of Vermont, United States.ResultsWe find 29% of respondent households classified as food insecure since COVID-19, and higher prevalence of food insecurity among those experiencing a negative job change since COVID-19, households earning less than $50,000 annually, Hispanic and multi-race respondents. Nearly 35% of respondents engaged in HFP activities since the COVID-19 pandemic began; the majority of those gardened, and more than half pursued HFP activities more intensely than before the pandemic or for the first time. Food insecure households were more likely to pursue HFP more intensely, including more gardening, fishing, foraging, and hunting. Respondents who were food insecure, Black, Indigenous, People of Color, those with a negative job disruption, and larger households all had greater odds of increased intensity of HFP during the COVID-19 pandemic. HFP was significantly associated with eating greater amounts of fruits and vegetables; however, this effect was only significant for food secure households.ConclusionOverall, these results suggest that HFP activities have increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may be an important safety net for food insecure households. However, HFP for food insecure households does not translate into the same higher fruit and vegetable intake as found among food secure HFP households, suggesting this population may be trying to maintain intake, or that they may have potential important resource or technical assistance needs. Long-term, HFP activities may have important food security and diet quality impacts, as well as conservation implications, which should be more thoroughly explored. Regardless, the increased interest and intensity of HFP demonstrates opportunities for educational and outreach efforts.

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Changes in diet quality and home food environment in preschool children following weight management.

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Changes in diet quality and home food environment in preschool children following weight management.

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