Identifying and Treating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hunt CM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6366580 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Identifying and Treating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Hunt Christine M CM Turner Marsha J MJ Gifford Elizabeth J EJ Britt Rachel B RB Su Grace L GL
Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS 20190101 1
NAFLD improves with 7% or greater weight loss. ...[more]
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10446130 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver injury and liver transplantation in Western countries. The pathogenesis of NAFLD includes overnutrition-associated metabolic syndrome or the improper consumption of dietary macro- and micro-nutrients that either support or prevent disease development. This altered nutrient landscape has been linked to shifts within the gut microbiota which can exacerbate liver pathology and the progression of NAFLD. Treatment goals for NAFLD target lifestyle and dietary modifications that restrict calories and adjust macronutrient content. It is not well understood how different macronutrients alter the microbiota and whether the diet-educated microbiota contribute to the resolution of disease. We fed mice a diet high in fat, cholesterol and fructose for 6 weeks and then in two different arms of the study, intervened with either a diet high in saturated and polyunsaturated fats and fiber or low in fats and fiber. In a second set of experiments, we performed microbiota transplants using cecal contents from mice fed one of the intervention diets to assess whether the diet-educated microbiota could impact clinical outcomes in mice fed a NAFLD-inducing diet. Pathology, steatosis, ALT/AST levels, and liver cytokine levels were measured as primary outcomes. We found that despite different microbiota compositions, both of the intervention diets reversed the progression of NAFLD and dampened inflammation. In contrast, transplantation of cecal contents from the intervention diet-fed mice to mice receiving a NAFLD-inducing diet was unable to prevent disease progression, and, in some cases, worsened disease. These data underscore the importance of dietary modifications to treat NAFLD and caution against the use of microbiota transplantation in the absence of dietary and lifestyle modifications.
| S-EPMC7524401 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is an emerging global epidemic which progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis in a subset of subjects. Various reviews have focused on the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. This review highlights specifically the triggers implicated in disease progression from NAFL to NASH. The integrating role of genes, dietary factors, innate immunity, cytokines and gut microbiome have been discussed.
| S-EPMC4491606 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Spontaneous insulin resistance and NAFLD emerged in AxB F1 male mice with parent-of-origin effects such that AB6F1 (AJ dam x B6 sire) were susceptible whereas B6AF1 (B6 dam x AJ sire) were resistant. We used microarrays to correlate gene expression with the NAFLD phenotype in 9-month-old male AB6F1 (affected) versus B6AF1 (unaffected) mice. Whole liver slices from two 9-month-old AB6F1 and B6AF1 males were collected for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.
2011-01-05 | E-GEOD-26225 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the world. The rising prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has led to a 170% increase in NASH cirrhosis as the listing indication for liver transplantation from 2004 to 2013. As of 2018, NASH has overtaken hepatitis C as an indication for liver transplantation in the USA. After liver transplantation, the allograft often develops recurrent NAFLD among patients with known NASH cirrhosis. In addition to recurrent disease, de novo NAFLD has been reported in patients with other indications for liver transplantation. In this review, we will discuss the risk factors associated with recurrent and de novo NAFLD, natural course of the disease, and management strategies after liver transplantation.
| S-EPMC8237139 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2013-08-30 | E-GEOD-31803 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease represents a spectrum of pathology that ranges from benign steatosis to potentially-progressive steatohepatitis and affects more than 30% of US adults. Advanced NAFLD is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic cancers. Accurate identification of patients at risk for advanced NAFLD is challenging. The aims of this study were to define the liver gene expression patterns that distinguish mild from advanced NAFLD and to develop a gene expression profile associated with advanced NAFLD. We analyzed total RNA from 72 patients with NAFLD (40 with mild NAFLD, fibrosis stage 0-1 and 32 with advanced NAFLD, fibrosis stage 3-4) and developed a gene profile associated with advanced NAFLD. This dataset is part of the TransQST collection.
2013-08-30 | E-GEOD-49541 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Based on the assumption that characterizing the history of a disease will help in improving practice while offering a clue to research, this article aims at reviewing the history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults and children. To this end, we address the history of NAFLD histopathology, which begins in 1980 with Ludwig's seminal studies, although previous studies date back to the 19th century. Moreover, the principal milestones in the definition of genetic NAFLD are summarized. Next, a specific account is given of the evolution, over time, of our understanding of the association of NAFLD with metabolic syndrome, spanning from the outdated concept of "NAFLD as a manifestation of the Metabolic Syndrome", to the more appropriate consideration that NAFLD has, with metabolic syndrome, a mutual and bi-directional relationship. In addition, we also report on the evolution from first intuitions to more recent studies, supporting NAFLD as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This association probably has deep roots, going back to ancient Middle Eastern cultures, wherein the liver had a significance similar to that which the heart holds in contemporary society. Conversely, the notions that NAFLD is a forerunner of hepatocellular carcinoma and extra-hepatic cancers is definitely more modern. Interestingly, guidelines issued by hepatological societies have lagged behind the identification of NAFLD by decades. A comparative analysis of these documents defines both shared attitudes (e.g., ultrasonography and lifestyle changes as the first approaches) and diverging key points (e.g., the threshold of alcohol consumption, screening methods, optimal non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis and drug treatment options). Finally, the principal historical steps in the general, cellular and molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD are reviewed. We conclude that an in-depth understanding of the history of the disease permits us to better comprehend the disease itself, as well as to anticipate the lines of development of future NAFLD research.
| S-EPMC7460697 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in the United States; however, few data are available about racial and ethnic variation. We investigated relationships between ethnicity, NAFLD severity, metabolic derangements, and sociodemographic characteristics in a well-characterized cohort of adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Data were analyzed from 1,026 adults (?18 years) in the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN) from 2004 to 2008, for whom liver histology data were available within 6 months of enrollment. Associations between ethnicity (i.e., Latino versus non-Latino white) and NAFLD severity (i.e., NASH versus non-NASH histology and mild versus advanced fibrosis) were explored with multiple logistic regression analysis. We also investigated effect modification of ethnicity on metabolic derangements for NAFLD severity. Within the NASH CRN, 77% (N = 785) were non-Latino white and 12% (N = 118) were Latino. Sixty-one percent (N = 628) had NASH histology and 28% (N = 291) had advanced fibrosis. Latinos with NASH were younger, performed less physical activity, and had higher carbohydrate intake, compared to non-Latino whites with NASH. Gender, diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), platelets, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly associated with NASH. Age, gender, AST, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, platelets, total cholesterol, hypertension, and HOMA-IR, but not ethnicity, were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis. The effect of HOMA-IR on the risk of NASH was modified by ethnicity: HOMA-IR was not a significant risk factor for NASH among Latinos (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-1.02), but was significant among non-Latino whites (OR, 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11).Metabolic risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics associated with NASH differ by ethnicity. Additional insights into NASH pathogenesis may come from further studies focused on understanding ethnic differences in this disease.
| S-EPMC3278533 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. It represents a spectrum of disease from simple hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis that may develop into progressive hepatic fibrosis and even cirrhosis. NAFLD is the most rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation in adults. In children, the incidence of NAFLD has also increased over the past decade. Although the majority of children with NAFLD are overweight or obese, there is an increasing subset of children with normal body mass index with so-called lean NAFLD. NAFLD in children is associated with several extrahepatic manifestations, including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and obstructive sleep apnea. The pathogenesis of NAFLD in children involves a multifactorial interaction among genetics, in utero exposures, early childhood exposures, and ongoing nutritional exposures. Although there are some similarities between pediatric NAFLD and adult NAFLD, liver biopsies in children show histologic differences between the two. The current standard-of-care treatment of NAFLD in children is lifestyle change to decrease caloric intake and increase physical activity. There are no medications currently approved for the treatment of NAFLD in children. This article aims to summarize the current understanding of pediatric NAFLD and future directions for intervention and therapeutic aims.
| S-EPMC9021174 | biostudies-literature