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Control of heart rate through guided high-rate breathing.

ABSTRACT: Understanding the complex dynamics of cardio-respiratory coupling sheds light on the underlying mechanisms governing the communication between these two physiological systems. Previous research has predominantly considered the coupling at respiratory rates slower than the heart rate and shown that respiratory oscillations lead to modulation and/or synchronization of the heart rate. Whereas the mechanisms of cardio-respiratory communication are still under discussion, peripheral nervous regulation is considered to be the predominant factor. This work offers a novel experimental design and applies the concept of instantaneous phase to detect cardio-respiratory entrainment at elevated respiration rates, close to the resting heart rate. If such 1:1 entrainment exists, it would suggest direct neuronal communication between the respiration and heart centres in the brain. We have observed 1:1 entrainment in all volunteers, with consistently longer synchronization episodes seen in physically fitter people, and demonstrated that cardio-respiratory synchronization at both low and high respiration rates is associated with a common underlying communication mechanism.

SUBMITTER: Perry S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6367452 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Control of heart rate through guided high-rate breathing.

Perry Sean S Khovanova Natasha A NA Khovanov Igor A IA

Scientific reports 20190207 1

Understanding the complex dynamics of cardio-respiratory coupling sheds light on the underlying mechanisms governing the communication between these two physiological systems. Previous research has predominantly considered the coupling at respiratory rates slower than the heart rate and shown that respiratory oscillations lead to modulation and/or synchronization of the heart rate. Whereas the mechanisms of cardio-respiratory communication are still under discussion, peripheral nervous regulatio ...[more]

PMID: 30733480

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Project description:PurposeAs Doppler ultrasound has been proven to be an effective tool to predict and compress the optimal pulsing windows, we evaluated the effective dose and diagnostic accuracy of coronary CT angiography (CTA) incorporating Doppler-guided prospective electrocardiograph (ECG) gating, which presets pulsing windows according to Doppler analysis, in patients with a heart rate >65 bpm.Materials and methods119 patients with a heart rate >65 bpm who were scheduled for invasive coronary angiography were prospectively studied, and patients were randomly divided into traditional prospective (n?=?61) and Doppler-guided prospective (n?=?58) ECG gating groups. The exposure window of traditional prospective ECG gating was set at 30%-80% of the cardiac cycle. For the Doppler group, the length of diastasis was analyzed by Doppler. For lengths greater than 90 ms, the pulsing window was preset during diastole (during 60%-80%); otherwise, the optimal pulsing intervals were moved from diastole to systole (during 30%-50%).ResultsThe mean heart rates of the traditional ECG and the Doppler-guided group during CT scanning were 75.0±7.7 bpm (range, 66-96 bpm) and 76.5±5.4 bpm (range: 66-105 bpm), respectively. The results indicated that whereas the image quality showed no significant difference between the traditional and Doppler groups (P?=?0.42), the radiation dose of the Doppler group was significantly lower than that of the traditional group (5.2±3.4 mSv vs. 9.3±4.5 mSv, P<0.001). The sensitivities of CTA applying traditional and Doppler-guided prospective ECG gating to diagnose stenosis on a segment level were 95.5% and 94.3%, respectively; specificities 98.0% and 97.1%, respectively; positive predictive values 90.7% and 88.2%, respectively; negative predictive values 99.0% and 98.7%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in concordance between the traditional and Doppler groups (P?=?0.22).ConclusionDoppler-guided prospective ECG gating represents an improved method in patients with a high heart rate to reduce effective radiation doses, while maintaining high diagnostic accuracy.

Dataset Information

Control of heart rate through guided high-rate breathing.

Publications

Control of heart rate through guided high-rate breathing.

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