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Unveiling Kiwifruit Metabolite and Protein Changes in the Course of Postharvest Cold Storage.

ABSTRACT: Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward fruit is renowned for its micro- and macronutrients, which vary in their levels during berry physiological development and postharvest processing. In this context, we have recently described metabolic pathways/molecular effectors in fruit outer endocarp characterizing the different stages of berry physiological maturation. Here, we report on the kiwifruit postharvest phase through an integrated approach consisting of pomological analysis combined with NMR/LC-UV/ESI-IT-MSn- and 2D-DIGE/nanoLC-ESI-LIT-MS/MS-based proteometabolomic measurements. Kiwifruit samples stored under conventional, cold-based postharvest conditions not involving the use of dedicated chemicals were sampled at four stages (from fruit harvest to pre-commercialization) and analyzed in comparison for pomological features, and outer endocarp metabolite and protein content. About 42 metabolites were quantified, together with corresponding proteomic changes. Proteomics showed that proteins associated with disease/defense, energy, protein destination/storage, cell structure and metabolism functions were affected at precise fruit postharvest times, providing a justification to corresponding pomological/metabolite content characteristics. Bioinformatic analysis of variably represented proteins revealed a central network of interacting species, modulating metabolite level variations during postharvest fruit storage. Kiwifruit allergens were also quantified, demonstrating in some cases their highest levels at the fruit pre-commercialization stage. By lining up kiwifruit postharvest processing to a proteometabolomic depiction, this study integrates previous observations on metabolite and protein content in postharvest berries treated with specific chemical additives, and provides a reference framework for further studies on the optimization of fruit storage before its commercialization.

SUBMITTER: Salzano AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6369206 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Cuticle composition is an important economic trait in agriculture, as it is the first protective barrier of the plant against environmental conditions. The main goal of this work was to study the role of the cuticular wax in maintaining the postharvest quality of zucchini fruit, by comparing two commercial varieties with contrasting behavior against low temperatures; the cold-tolerant variety 'Natura', and the cold-sensitive 'Sinatra', as well as 'Sinatra' fruit with induced-chilling tolerance through a preconditioning treatment (15°C for 48 h). The freshly-harvested 'Natura' fruit had a well-detectable cuticle with a significant lower permeability and a subset of 15 up-regulated cuticle-related genes. SEM showed that zucchini epicuticular waxes mainly consisted of round-shaped crystals and clusters of them, and areas with more dense crystal deposition were found in fruit of 'Natura' and of preconditioned 'Sinatra'. The cuticular wax load per surface was higher in 'Natura' than in 'Sinatra' fruit at harvest and after 14 days at 4°C. In addition, total cuticular wax load only increased in 'Natura' and preconditioned 'Sinatra' fruit with cold storage. With respect to the chemical composition of the waxes, the most abundant components were alkanes, in both 'Natura' and 'Sinatra', with similar values at harvest. The total alkane content only increased in 'Natura' fruit and in the preconditioned 'Sinatra' fruit after cold storage, whereas the amount of total acids decreased, with the lowest values observed in the fruit that showed less chilling injury (CI) and weight loss. Two esters were detected, and their content also decreased with the storage in both varieties, with a greater reduction observed in the cold-tolerant variety in response to low temperature. Gene expression analysis showed significant differences between varieties, especially in CpCER1-like and CpCER3-like genes, involved in alkane production, as well as in the transcription factors CpWIN1-like and CpFUL1-like, associated with cuticle development and epidermal wax accumulation in other species. These results suggest an important role of the alkane biosynthetic pathway and cuticle morphology in maintaining the postharvest quality of zucchini fruit during the storage at low temperatures.

Project description:Purpose:Bamboo shoots rapidly lose water and accumulate lignin when stored under room temperature, while low temperature conditioning (LTC, 4℃) can alleviate lignification and reduce weightlessness rate. However, few transcriptional response and profiling datasets are available to explore the LTC mechanism of bamboo shoots.The goal of this study is to provides insights into the regulation of Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascens) shoots during postharvest cold storage by transcriptome analysis. Methods:Total RNA was extracted using RNAiso Plus (Takara, Japan) according to the protocol, and after quality testing, was used for library construction and transcriptome sequencing by Illumina Novaseq™ 6000. The quality-controlled reads were aligned to the Phyllostachys edulis reference genome (http://gigadb.org/dataset/100498). The edgeR program25 was used for differential expression analyses. Results: After raw data filtering, a high clean data rate from each sample was achieved, and the assessment result for the clean data by FastQC all demonstrated that our sequencing data was of high quality, full representativeness and validity. Compared with CK, a total of 7,452 DEGs were identified during LT storage. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and principle component analysis (PCA) results all suggested a high correlation among all samples. The above results suggest an effective LT treatment of postharvest bamboo shoots and a high-quality bioinformatics analysis of our RNA-seq results. Conclusions: Our study represents the first detailed analysis of Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascens) shoots during postharvest cold storage transcriptomes, with biologic replicates, generated by RNA-seq technology. The optimized data analysis workflows reported here should provide a framework for comparative investigations of expression profiles. We conclude that RNA-seq based transcriptome characterization would reveal the essence of ripening and senescence of fruits and vegetables.

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Unveiling Kiwifruit Metabolite and Protein Changes in the Course of Postharvest Cold Storage.

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