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ABSTRACT: Purpose
Fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) is a novel formulation of insulin aspart containing two additional excipients: niacinamide, to increase early absorption, and L-arginine, to optimize stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of niacinamide on insulin aspart absorption and to investigate the mechanism of action underlying the accelerated absorption.Methods
The impact of niacinamide was assessed in pharmacokinetic analyses in pigs and humans, small angle X-ray scattering experiments, trans-endothelial transport assays, vascular tension measurements, and subcutaneous blood flow imaging.Results
Niacinamide increased the rate of early insulin aspart absorption in pigs, and pharmacokinetic modelling revealed this effect to be most pronounced up to ~30-40 min after injection in humans. Niacinamide increased the relative monomer fraction of insulin aspart by ~35%, and the apparent permeability of insulin aspart across an endothelial cell barrier by ~27%. Niacinamide also induced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation of porcine arteries, and increased skin perfusion in pigs.Conclusion
Niacinamide mediates the acceleration of initial insulin aspart absorption, and the mechanism of action appears to be multifaceted. Niacinamide increases the initial abundance of insulin aspart monomers and transport of insulin aspart after subcutaneous administration, and also mediates a transient, local vasodilatory effect.
SUBMITTER: Kildegaard J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6373292 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Kildegaard Jonas J Buckley Stephen T ST Nielsen Rasmus H RH Povlsen Gro K GK Seested Torben T Ribel Ulla U Olsen Helle B HB Ludvigsen Svend S Jeppesen Claus B CB Refsgaard Hanne H F HHF Bendtsen Kristian M KM Kristensen Niels R NR Hostrup Susanne S Sturis Jeppe J
Pharmaceutical research 20190211 3
<h4>Purpose</h4>Fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) is a novel formulation of insulin aspart containing two additional excipients: niacinamide, to increase early absorption, and L-arginine, to optimize stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of niacinamide on insulin aspart absorption and to investigate the mechanism of action underlying the accelerated absorption.<h4>Methods</h4>The impact of niacinamide was assessed in pharmacokinetic analyses in pigs and humans, sma ...[more]