Dataset Information

Dietary arachidonate in milk replacer triggers dual benefits of PGE2 signaling in LPS-challenged piglet alveolar macrophages.

ABSTRACT: Background:Respiratory infections challenge the swine industry, despite common medicinal practices. The dual signaling nature of PGE2 (supporting both inflammation and resolution) makes it a potent regulator of immune cell function. Therefore, the use of dietary long chain n-6 PUFA to enhance PGE2 effects merits investigation. Methods:Day-old pigs (n?=?60) were allotted to one of three dietary groups for 21?d (n?=?20/diet), and received either a control diet (CON, arachidonate?=?0.5% of total fatty acids), an arachidonate (ARA)-enriched diet (LC n-6, ARA?=?2.2%), or an eicosapentaenoic (EPA)-enriched diet (LC n-3, EPA?=?3.0%). Alveolar macrophages and lung parenchymal tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. Isolated alveolar macrophages were stimulated with LPS in situ for 24?h, and mRNA was isolated to assess markers associated with inflammation and eicosanoid production. Culture media were collected to assess PGE2 secretion. Oxidative burst in macrophages was measured by: 1) oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification (via Seahorse), 2) cytoplasmic oxidation and 3) nitric oxide production following 4, 18, and 24?h of LPS stimulation. Results:Concentration of ARA (% of fatty acids, w/w) in macrophages from pigs fed LC n-6 was 86% higher than CON and 18% lower in pigs fed LC n-3 (P?

SUBMITTER: Walter KR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6376662 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary arachidonate in milk replacer triggers dual benefits of PGE<sub>2</sub> signaling in LPS-challenged piglet alveolar macrophages.

Walter Kathleen R KR Lin Xi X Jacobi Sheila K SK Käser Tobias T Esposito Debora D Odle Jack J

Journal of animal science and biotechnology 20190215

<h4>Background</h4>Respiratory infections challenge the swine industry, despite common medicinal practices. The dual signaling nature of PGE<sub>2</sub> (supporting both inflammation and resolution) makes it a potent regulator of immune cell function. Therefore, the use of dietary long chain n-6 PUFA to enhance PGE<sub>2</sub> effects merits investigation.<h4>Methods</h4>Day-old pigs (<i>n</i> = 60) were allotted to one of three dietary groups for 21 d (<i>n</i> = 20/diet), and received either a ...[more]

PMID: 30815256

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Pre-weaning milk replacer (MR) feeding program is a key factor affecting the health and welfare of lambs during their weaning. Weaning stress is well known as an inducement that negatively impacts the immune system of young ruminants, whose physiological and immune state is closely linked to the community of microbiota in their intestines. This study had two objectives: 1) To evaluate the innate immune response to weaning stress at both the physiological and molecular level; 2) To investigate changes to the jejunal chyme and mucosal adhesive microbiota between the control and high plane of MR groups. RESULTS:In this experiment, the plasma concentrations of cortisol, norepinephrine (NE) and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF?) were higher in the C than the H group (P?<?0.05), as was the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF? and CXCL8 (P?<?0.05) in plasma. In jejunal tissue, the expression of TLR4 and TNF? were also higher in the C group (P?<?0.01); histopathology showed the H group had lower lymphocyte infiltration. In the C group, however, major pathological changes were associated with extensive infiltration of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Principal component analysis indicated the lamb immune response was influenced by weaning stress and modulated by the MR treatments. 16S-rRNA sequencing was used to evaluate jejunal mucosa and chyme bacterial diversity and composition. The C group's chyme had a greater alpha index (ACE: P?=?0.095; Chao1: P?=?0.085) than H group. In jejunal mucosa, the relative abundance of Plesiomonas was 4-fold higher (P?=?0.017) in the C than the H group. CONCLUSIONS:This study's results revealed that weaning stress induced alterations to the lambs' immune system that lasted beyond the 21 d measured, and that a long-term inflammatory response effect was evidenced by changes in their hematological and expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pre-weaning with a differing MR allowance resulted in complicated biological responses and compositional changes to the lambs' jejunal microbiota. Clearly, an intensive MR feeding program induced a milder immunity response and lower relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria when compared with the traditional feeding program.

Dataset Information

Dietary arachidonate in milk replacer triggers dual benefits of PGE2 signaling in LPS-challenged piglet alveolar macrophages.

Publications

Dietary arachidonate in milk replacer triggers dual benefits of PGE<sub>2</sub> signaling in LPS-challenged piglet alveolar macrophages.

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