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Relapse-associated AURKB blunts the glucocorticoid sensitivity of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

ABSTRACT: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used in combination chemotherapies as front-line treatment for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Although effective, many patients relapse and become resistant to chemotherapy and GCs in particular. Why these patients relapse is not clear. We took a comprehensive, functional genomics approach to identify sources of GC resistance. A genome-wide shRNA screen identified the transcriptional coactivators EHMT2, EHMT1, and CBX3 as important contributors to GC-induced cell death. This complex selectively supports GC-induced expression of genes contributing to cell death. A metaanalysis of gene expression data from B-ALL patient specimens revealed that Aurora kinase B (AURKB), which restrains GC signaling by phosphorylating EHMT1-2, is overexpressed in relapsed B-ALL, suggesting it as a potential contributor to relapse. Inhibition of AURKB enhanced GC-induced expression of cell death genes, resulting in potentiation of GC cytotoxicity in cell lines and relapsed B-ALL patient samples. This function for AURKB is distinct from its canonical role in the cell cycle. These results show the utility of functional genomics in understanding mechanisms of resistance and rapidly identifying combination chemotherapeutics.

SUBMITTER: Poulard C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6386662 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Relapse-associated AURKB blunts the glucocorticoid sensitivity of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Poulard Coralie C Kim Hye Na HN Fang Mimi M Kruth Karina K Gagnieux Celine C Gerke Daniel S DS Bhojwani Deepa D Kim Yong-Mi YM Kampmann Martin M Stallcup Michael R MR Pufall Miles A MA

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20190207 8

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used in combination chemotherapies as front-line treatment for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Although effective, many patients relapse and become resistant to chemotherapy and GCs in particular. Why these patients relapse is not clear. We took a comprehensive, functional genomics approach to identify sources of GC resistance. A genome-wide shRNA screen identified the transcriptional coactivators EHMT2, EHMT1, and CBX3 as important contributors to GC-induc ...[more]

PMID: 30733284

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Drug-resistant cell lines, established from drug-sensitive cell lines by drug exposure in vitro, are the most useful cancer models in studies on the mechanism of chemoresistance. However, the success rate of the traditional approaches to construct such cell lines is low because a long time is required for the addition of drugs. METHODS:A cell culture technique was used to establish the drug-resistant cell lines from their parental cells. Molecular and cellular biological techniques including flow cytometry, MTT assay, western blotting, and DNA fingerprinting analysis were used to characterize the drug-resistant cell lines. Nude mice were used for xenograft studies. RESULTS:We established novel glucocorticoid (GC)-resistant cell lines from 3 GC-sensitive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines. First, we established a novel GC-resistant T-ALL cell line, CEM-C7/HDR, by mimicking the microenvironment of the bone marrow and culturing GC-sensitive CEM-C7-14 cells under hypoxia for 5?weeks with a single dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. The CEM-C7/HDR cells had been cultured continuously in drug-free medium under normoxia for 1?year. The IC50 and resistance index (RI) to Dex were maintained at 60~70??M and 1500~1800, respectively, which is in consistent with the IC50 and RI of GC-resistant CEM-C1-15 cells. To clarify the reliability of the method, we subcloned CEM-C7-14 cells, and obtained Dex-resistant cell lines, CEM-C7-SC2/HDR and CEM-C7-SC14/HDR, from 2 monoclonal cells of CEM-C7-14 by the same method. Moreover, we obtained two additional Dex-resistant B-ALL cell lines, NALM-6/HDR and HXEX-ALL1/HDR, from NALM-6 and HXEX-ALL1 cells with the same approach. CONCLUSIONS:CEM-C7/HDR, NALM-6/HDR and HXEX-ALL1/HDR cell lines may serve as useful GC-resistant ALL models for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Culturing under hypoxic condition with a single Dex treatment is a novel and convenient approach for generating stable GC resistant cell lines.

Dataset Information

Relapse-associated AURKB blunts the glucocorticoid sensitivity of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Publications

Relapse-associated AURKB blunts the glucocorticoid sensitivity of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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