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How Does the Degree of Valence Influence Affective Auditory P300-Based BCIs?

ABSTRACT: A brain-computer interface (BCI) translates brain signals into commands for the control of devices and for communication. BCIs enable persons with disabilities to communicate externally. Positive and negative affective sounds have been introduced to P300-based BCIs; however, how the degree of valence (e.g., very positive or positive) influences the BCI has not been investigated. To further examine the influence of affective sounds in P300-based BCIs, we applied sounds with five degrees of valence to the P300-based BCI. The sound valence ranged from very negative to very positive, as determined by Scheffe's method. The effect of sound valence on the BCI was evaluated by waveform analyses, followed by the evaluation of offline stimulus-wise classification accuracy. As a result, the late component of P300 showed significantly higher point-biserial correlation coefficients in response to very positive and very negative sounds than in response to the other sounds. The offline stimulus-wise classification accuracy was estimated from a region-of-interest. The analysis showed that the very negative sound achieved the highest accuracy and the very positive sound achieved the second highest accuracy, suggesting that the very positive sound and the very negative sound may be required to improve the accuracy.

SUBMITTER: Onishi A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6390079 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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How Does the Degree of Valence Influence Affective Auditory P300-Based BCIs?

Onishi Akinari A Nakagawa Seiji S

Frontiers in neuroscience 20190219

A brain-computer interface (BCI) translates brain signals into commands for the control of devices and for communication. BCIs enable persons with disabilities to communicate externally. Positive and negative affective sounds have been introduced to P300-based BCIs; however, how the degree of valence (e.g., very positive or positive) influences the BCI has not been investigated. To further examine the influence of affective sounds in P300-based BCIs, we applied sounds with five degrees of valenc ...[more]

PMID: 30837822

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Project description:Code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEPs) are an innovative control signal utilized in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) with promising performance. Prior studies on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have indicated that the spatial frequency of checkerboard-like stimuli influences both performance and user experience. Spatial frequency refers to the dimensions of the individual squares comprising the visual stimulus, quantified in cycles (i.e., number of black-white squares pairs) per degree of visual angle. However, the specific effects of this parameter on c-VEP-based BCIs remain unexplored. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the role of spatial frequency of checkerboard-like visual stimuli in a c-VEP-based BCI. Sixteen participants evaluated selection matrices with eight spatial frequencies: C001 (0 c/°, 1×1 squares), C002 (0.15 c/°, 2×2 squares), C004 (0.3 c/°, 4×4 squares), C008 (0.6 c/°, 8×8 squares), C016 (1.2 c/°, 16×16 squares), C032 (2.4 c/°, 32×32 squares), C064 (4.79 c/°, 64×64 squares), and C128 (9.58 c/°, 128×128 squares). These conditions were tested in an online spelling task, which consisted of 18 trials each conducted on a 3×3 command interface. In addition to accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR), subjective measures regarding comfort, ocular irritation, and satisfaction were collected. Significant differences in performance and comfort were observed based on different stimulus spatial frequencies. Although all conditions achieved mean accuracy over 95% after 2.1 s of trial duration, C016 stood out in terms user experience. The proposed condition not only achieved a mean accuracy of 96.53% and 164.54 bits/min with a trial duration of 1.05s, but also was reported to be significantly more comfortable than the traditional C001 stimulus. Since both features are key for BCI development, higher spatial frequencies than the classical black-to-white stimulus might be more adequate for c-VEP systems. Hence, we assert that the spatial frequency should be carefully considered in the development of future applications for c-VEP-based BCIs.

Project description:Taste plays an essential role in the evaluation of food quality by detecting potential harm and benefit in what animals are about to eat and drink. While the affective valence of taste signals is supposed to be innately determined, taste preference can also be drastically modified by previous taste experiences of the animals. However, how the experience-dependent taste preference is developed and the neuronal mechanisms involved in this process are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effects of prolonged exposure to umami and bitter tastants on taste preference using two-bottle tests in male mice. Prolonged umami exposure significantly enhanced umami preference with no changes in bitter preference, while prolonged bitter exposure significantly decreased bitter avoidance with no changes in umami preference. Because the central amygdala (CeA) is postulated as a critical node for the valence processing of sensory information including taste, we examined the responses of cells in the CeA to sweet, umami, and bitter tastants using in vivo calcium imaging. Interestingly, both protein kinase C delta (Prkcd)-positive and Somatostatin (Sst)-positive neurons in the CeA showed an umami response comparable to the bitter response, and no difference in cell type-specific activity patterns to different tastants was observed. Meanwhile, fluorescence in situ hybridization with c-Fos antisense probe revealed that a single umami experience significantly activates the CeA and several other gustatory-related nuclei, and especially CeA Sst-positive neurons were strongly activated. Intriguingly, after prolonged umami experience, umami tastant also significantly activates the CeA neurons, but the Prkcd-positive neurons instead of Sst-positive neurons were highly activated. These results suggest a relationship between amygdala activity and experience-dependent plasticity developed in taste preference and the involvement of the genetically defined neural populations in this process.

Dataset Information

How Does the Degree of Valence Influence Affective Auditory P300-Based BCIs?

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How Does the Degree of Valence Influence Affective Auditory P300-Based BCIs?

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