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Room temperature amine sensors enabled by sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes.

ABSTRACT: A new series of sidewall modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with perfluorophenyl molecules bearing carboxylic acid or methyl ester moieties are herein reported. Pristine and functionalized SWCNTs (p-SWCNTs and f-SWCNTs, respectively) were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nitrene-based functionalization provided intact SWCNTs with methyl 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate (SWCNT-N-C₆F₄CO₂CH₃) and 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoic acid (SWCNT-N-C₆F₄CO₂H) attached every 213 and 109 carbon atoms, respectively. Notably, SWCNT-N-C₆F₄CO₂H was sensitive in terms of the percentage of conductance variation from 5 to 40 ppm of ammonia (NH₃) and trimethylamine (TMA) with a two-fold higher variation of conductance compared to p-SWCNTs at 40 ppm. The sensors are highly sensitive to NH₃ and TMA as they showed very low responses (0.1%) toward 200 ppm of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) containing various functional groups representative of different classes of analytes such as benzene, tetrahydrofurane (THF), hexane, ethyl acetate (AcOEt), ethanol, acetonitrile (CH₃CN), acetone and chloroform (CHCl₃). Our system is a promising candidate for the realization of single-use chemiresistive sensors for the detection of threshold crossing by low concentrations of gaseous NH₃ and TMA at room temperature.

SUBMITTER: Paoletti C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6390973 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Room temperature amine sensors enabled by sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Paoletti Clara C He Maggie M Salvo Pietro P Melai Bernardo B Calisi Nicola N Mannini Matteo M Cortigiani Brunetto B Bellagambi Francesca G FG Swager Timothy M TM Di Francesco Fabio F Pucci Andrea A

RSC advances 20180201 10

A new series of sidewall modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with perfluorophenyl molecules bearing carboxylic acid or methyl ester moieties are herein reported. Pristine and functionalized SWCNTs (p-SWCNTs and f-SWCNTs, respectively) were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nitrene-based functionalization provided intact SWCNTs with methyl 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate (SWCNT-N-C<sub>6</sub>F< ...[more]

PMID: 30820317

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Project description:There is an ever-growing interest in the detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to health risks associated with CO2 emissions. Hence, there is a need for low-power and low-cost CO2 sensors for efficient monitoring and sensing of CO2 analyte molecules in the environment. This study reports on the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that are functionalized using polyethyleneimine and starch (PEI-starch) in order to fabricate a PEI-starch functionalized SWCNT sensor for reversible CO2 detection under ambient room conditions (T = 25 °C; RH = 53%). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to analyze the physiochemical properties of the as-synthesized gas sensor. Due to the large specific surface area of SWCNTs and the efficient CO2 capturing capabilities of the amine-rich PEI layer, the sensor possesses a high CO2 adsorption capacity. When exposed to varying CO2 concentrations between 50 and 500 ppm, the sensor response exhibits a linear relationship with an increase in analyte concentration, allowing it to operate reliably throughout a broad range of CO2 concentrations. The sensing mechanism of the PEI-starch-functionalized SWCNT sensor is based on the reversible acid-base equilibrium chemical reactions between amino groups of PEI and adsorbed CO2 molecules, which produce carbamates and bicarbonates. Due to the presence of hygroscopic starch that attracts more water molecules to the surface of SWCNTs, the adsorption capacity of CO2 gas molecules is enhanced. After multiple cycles of analyte exposure, the sensor recovers to its initial resistance level via a UV-assisted recovery approach. In addition, the sensor exhibits great stability and reliability in multiple analyte gas exposures as well as excellent selectivity to carbon dioxide over other interfering gases such as carbon monoxide, oxygen, and ammonia, thereby showing the potential to monitor CO2 levels in various infrastructure.

Dataset Information

Room temperature amine sensors enabled by sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Publications

Room temperature amine sensors enabled by sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes.

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