Dataset Information

The impact of expanded brucellosis surveillance in beef cattle on human brucellosis in Korea: an interrupted time-series analysis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Korean surveillance program for bovine brucellosis was improved by extending it to beef slaughterhouses and by pre-movement testing of bulls on May 2005 (Intervention 1). The bovine brucellosis surveillance program was further extended to beef cattle farms with more than 10 heads of cattle on June 2006 (Intervention 2). METHODS:To quantify the temporal relationship between bovine and human brucellosis, a time-series analysis was conducted using Korean national notification data reported between January 2004 and December 2014. RESULTS:Our findings indicate that while during the pre-intervention phase (January 2004 to March 2005) there was no significant temporal relationship between the incidences of bovine and human brucellosis, significant temporal relationships were observed after Intervention 1 (June 2005 to June 2006, no lag, ??=?0.57, p?=?0.04), and Intervention 2 (July 2006 to June 2007, 1-month lag, ??=?0.65, p?=?0.03). Furthermore, significant changes in incidence in human were observed after Intervention 1 (??=?-?0.17 per 10 million-people, p?=?0.03) and Intervention 2 (??=?-?0.19 per 10 million-people, p?=?0.04). CONCLUSIONS:These findings indicated the changes of a nationwide comprehensive surveillance programme targeting all cattle is required for effective reduction in the human population.

SUBMITTER: Ryu S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6394004 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The impact of expanded brucellosis surveillance in beef cattle on human brucellosis in Korea: an interrupted time-series analysis.

Ryu Sukhyun S Soares Magalhães Ricardo J RJ Chun Byung Chul BC

BMC infectious diseases 20190228 1

<h4>Background</h4>Korean surveillance program for bovine brucellosis was improved by extending it to beef slaughterhouses and by pre-movement testing of bulls on May 2005 (Intervention 1). The bovine brucellosis surveillance program was further extended to beef cattle farms with more than 10 heads of cattle on June 2006 (Intervention 2).<h4>Methods</h4>To quantify the temporal relationship between bovine and human brucellosis, a time-series analysis was conducted using Korean national notificat ...[more]

PMID: 30819243

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Project description:BackgroundPrescription opioid misuse is a serious national crisis; in 2018 the top drugs involved in prescription overdose deaths included pain medications (opioids), benzodiazepines, and stimulants. Health information technology (health IT) provides a means to address this crisis through technologies that streamline the prescribing and discontinuation process. CancelRx is a health IT function that communicates when medications, such as controlled substances, are discontinued at the clinic and therefore should not be filled at the pharmacy. Prior to CancelRx, the communication of discontinued medications was a manual process, requiring the patient or a clinic staff member to personally contact the pharmacy to inform them of the change. The objective of this study was to assess how controlled substance medication discontinuations were communicated over time, before and after the implementation of CancelRx.MethodsSecondary data from a midwestern academic health system electronic health record and pharmacy platform were collected 12-months prior to CancelRx implementation and for 12-months post implementation. The study utilized an interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) to capture the percentage of controlled substance medications that were discontinued in the clinic's electronic health record and discontinued in the pharmacy's dispensing software. The ITSA plotted the percentage of successful discontinuation messages over time, particularly after the health system's implementation of CancelRx, a novel technology.ResultsAfter CancelRx implementation there was an immediate (change = 77.7 percentage point) and significant (p < 0.001) increase in the number of controlled substance medications that were successfully discontinued at the pharmacy after being discontinued in the clinic. This change was sustained in the year following CancelRx (slope = 0.03 pp, 95% CI - 0.050 to 0.110) and did not revert to pre-CancelRx levels. The health IT functionality was able to effectively complete discontinuation tasks and potentially reduce workload for clinic staff.ConclusionsOverall, this study demonstrates the role that technology can play in promoting communication between clinics and pharmacies, especially when medications such as controlled substances are discontinued.

Project description:Background In March 2020, the government of Uganda implemented a strict lockdown policy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed an interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) to assess whether major changes in healthcare seeking behavior, malaria burden, and case management occurred after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods Individual level data from all outpatient visits occurring from April 2017 through March 2021 at 17 facilities were analyzed. Outcomes included total outpatient visits, malaria cases, non-malarial visits, proportion of visits with suspected malaria, proportion of patients tested using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and proportion of malaria cases prescribed artemether-lumefantrine (AL). Pre-COVID trends measured over a three-year period were extrapolated into the post-COVID period (April 2020- March 2021) using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations or fractional regression. Effects of COVID-19 were estimated over the 12-month post-COVID period by dividing observed values by the predicted values and expressed as ratios. Results A total of 1,442,737 outpatient visits were recorded. Malaria was suspected in 55.3% of visits and 98.8% of these had a malaria diagnostic test performed. ITSA showed no differences in the observed versus predicted total outpatient visits, malaria cases, non-malarial visits, or proportion of visits with suspected malaria. However, in the second six months of the post-COVID period, there was a smaller mean proportion of patients tested with RDTs compared to predicted (Relative Prevalence Ratio (RPR) = 0.87, CI [0.78, 0.97]) and a smaller mean proportion of malaria cases prescribed AL (RPR = 0.94, CI [0.90, 0.99]. Conclusions There was evidence for a modest decrease in the proportion of RDTs used for malaria diagnosis and the proportion of patients prescribed AL in the second half of the post-COVID year, while other malaria indicators remained stable. Continued surveillance will be essential to monitor for changes in trends in malaria indicators so that Uganda can quickly and flexibly respond to challenges imposed by COVID-19.

Dataset Information

The impact of expanded brucellosis surveillance in beef cattle on human brucellosis in Korea: an interrupted time-series analysis.

Publications

The impact of expanded brucellosis surveillance in beef cattle on human brucellosis in Korea: an interrupted time-series analysis.

Similar Datasets

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