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Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:To explore ethnic differences in changes in body mass index (BMI) from the age of 18 years to 3?months postpartum. DESIGN:A population-based cohort study. SETTING:Child Health Clinics in Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS:Participants were 811 pregnant women (mean age 30 years). Ethnicity was categorised into six groups. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES:The outcome variable was BMI (kg/m2) measured at the age of 18 and 25 years, at prepregnancy and at 3?months postpartum. Body weight at 18 years, 25 years and prepregnancy were self-reported in early pregnancy, while body height and weight at 3?months postpartum were measured. The main statistical method was generalised estimating equations, adjusted for age. The analyses were stratified by parity due to ethnicity×time×parity interaction (p<0.001). RESULTS:Primiparous South Asian women had a 1.45 (95% CI 0.39 to 2.52) kg/m² higher and Middle Eastern women had 1.43 (0.16 to 2.70) kg/m2 higher mean BMI increase from 18 years to postpartum than Western European women. Among multiparous women, the mean BMI increased 1.99 (1.02 to 2.95) kg/m2 more in South Asian women, 1.48 (0.31 to 2.64) kg/m2 more in Middle Eastern women and 2.49 (0.55 to 4.42) kg/m2 more in African women than in Western European women from 18 years to prepregnancy. From 18 years to postpartum, the mean increase was 4.40 (2.38 to 6.42) kg/m2 higher in African women and 1.94 to 2.78?kg/m2 higher in the other groups than in Western European women. CONCLUSIONS:Multiparous women of ethnic minority origin seem substantially more prone to long-term weight gain than multiparous Western European women in Norway.

SUBMITTER: Kinnunen TI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6398684 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway.

Kinnunen Tarja I TI Richardsen Kåre R KR Sletner Line L Torgersen Leila L Sommer Christine C Waage Christin W CW Mdala Ibrahimu I Jenum Anne Karen AK

BMJ open 20190222 2

<h4>Objectives</h4>To explore ethnic differences in changes in body mass index (BMI) from the age of 18 years to 3 months postpartum.<h4>Design</h4>A population-based cohort study.<h4>Setting</h4>Child Health Clinics in Oslo, Norway.<h4>Participants</h4>Participants were 811 pregnant women (mean age 30 years). Ethnicity was categorised into six groups.<h4>Primary outcome measures</h4>The outcome variable was BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) measured at the age of 18 and 25 years, at prepregnancy and at 3 ...[more]

PMID: 30798304

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Project description:BackgroundMaternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) has been linked to altered gut microbiota in women shortly after delivery and in their offspring in the first few years of life. But little is known about how long these differences persist.MethodsWe followed 180 mothers and children from pregnancy until 5-year postpartum in the Gen3G cohort (Canada, enrolled 2010-2013). At 5 years postpartum we collected stool samples from mothers and children and estimated the gut microbiota by 16 S rRNA sequencing (V4 region) using Illumina MiSeq, and assigning amplicon sequence variants (ASV). We examined whether overall microbiota composition (as measured by microbiota β diversity) was more similar between mother-child pairs compared to between mothers or between children. We also assessed whether mother-child pair sharing of overall microbiota composition differed by the weight status of mothers before pregnancy and of children at 5-year. Furthermore, in mothers, we examined whether pre-pregnancy BMI, BMI 5-year postpartum, and change in BMI between time points was associated with maternal gut microbiota 5-year postpartum. In children, we further examined associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child 5-year BMI z-score with child 5-year gut microbiota.ResultsMother-child pairs had greater similarity in overall microbiome composition compared to between mothers and between children. In mothers, higher pre-pregnancy BMI and 5-year postpartum BMI were associated with lower microbiota observed ASV richness and Chao 1 index; in children's gut microbiota, higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was weakly associated with lower microbiota Shannon index, whereas child's 5-year BMI z-score was associated with higher observed ASV richness. Pre-pregnancy BMI was also linked to differential abundances of several microbial ASVs in the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, but no specific ASV had overlapping associations with BMI measures in both mothers and children.ConclusionsPre-pregnancy BMI was associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition of mothers and children 5 years after birth, however, the nature and direction of most associations differed for mothers and children. Future studies are encouraged to confirm our findings and look into potential mechanisms or factors that may drive these associations.

Project description:Background/objectivesGestational exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a ubiquitous class of persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals, is associated with increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. However, it is unclear if gestational PFAS exposure is associated with adiposity trajectories related to adult obesity and cardiometabolic health.Subjects/methodsWe measured perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononaoic acid, and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) concentrations in maternal serum collected between 16 weeks gestation and delivery in a cohort of 345 mother-child pairs in Cincinnati, OH (enrolled 2003-06). From age 4 weeks to 12 years, we measured weight and length or height up to eight times and calculated child body mass index (BMI) (1865 repeated measures). Using covariate-adjusted linear mixed models and splines to account for repeated BMI measures and nonlinear BMI patterns, respectively, we estimated the age/magnitude of infancy BMI zenith (~1 year) and childhood BMI nadir (~5 years), BMI accrual from 8 to 12 years, and BMI at age 12 years by PFAS terciles.ResultsBMI trajectories varied by PFOA concentrations (age × PFOA interaction p value = 0.03). Children born to women with higher PFOA concentrations had lower infancy and early childhood BMI, earlier BMI nadir, accelerating BMI gains in mid-childhood and adolescence, and higher BMI at age 12 years. Some of these associations were non-monotonic. PFOS and PFHxS were not associated with alterations in BMI trajectories, but were monotonically associated with lower BMI across infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Compared to children in the first PFOS tercile, those in the second (β: -0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.11, 0.51 kg/m2), and third (β: -1.41; 95% CI: -2.65, -0.14 kg/m2) had lower BMI at age 12 years.ConclusionsThese results suggest that gestational PFOA exposure may be associated with BMI trajectories related to adult obesity and cardiometabolic disease, while PFOS and PFHxS exposure is associated with lower BMI in the first 12 years of life.

Dataset Information

Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway.

Publications

Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway.

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