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Hazard potential of perovskite solar cell technology for potential implementation of "safe-by-design" approach.

ABSTRACT: The perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a rapidly advancing solar technology with high efficiencies and low production costs. However, as the PSC contains methylammonium lead iodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃, MAPbI₃) in the light-harvesting active layer, addressing the safety issue of PSCs is an important prerequisite for its commercialization. In this study, the potential hazards of the PSC were investigated with consideration of Pb species released from PSC using an ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity, chronic toxicity, and genotoxicity battery assay. PSC and its degradation products can cause significant toxicity, with PSC being more toxic than the individual degradation products. The order of ecotoxicity and cytotoxicity was found to be Pb²⁺?>?PSC?>?PbI₂?=?PbO. Aquatic toxicity of PSC and its degradation products was suggested by Daphnia magna acute, chronic, and genotoxicity results. The current study highlights the non-negligible hazard potentialities of the PSC and its degradation products, as evidenced by our ecotoxicity and cytotoxicity battery assay. Our study indicates that great caution should be taken in the mass production of PSCs and could facilitate proper risk assessment. Based on our study, some considerations on the implementation of the "safe-by-design (SbD)" approach for the sustainable development of PSC technology can be formulated.

SUBMITTER: Bae SY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6414526 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hazard potential of perovskite solar cell technology for potential implementation of "safe-by-design" approach.

Bae Su-Yong SY Lee Su Young SY Kim Ji-Wan JW Umh Ha Nee HN Jeong Jaeseong J Bae Seongjun S Yi Jongheop J Kim Younghun Y Choi Jinhee J

Scientific reports 20190312 1

The perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a rapidly advancing solar technology with high efficiencies and low production costs. However, as the PSC contains methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) in the light-harvesting active layer, addressing the safety issue of PSCs is an important prerequisite for its commercialization. In this study, the potential hazards of the PSC were investigated with consideration of Pb species released from PSC using an ec ...[more]

PMID: 30862853

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Project description:Safe levels of extractable pollutant elements in soil have not been universally established. Prediction of metal solubility in polluted soils and the subsequent transfer of these metals from soil pore water to the human food supply via crops are required for effective risk assessment from polluted soils. Thus an attempt has been made to develop a novel approach to protect human health from exposure to toxic metals through assessing risk from metal polluted soils utilised for agriculture. In this study, we assess the relative efficacy of various forms of 'free ion activity model' (FIAM) for predicting the concentration of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in spinach and wheat as example crops, thereby providing an assessment of risk to human health from consumption of these crops. Free metal ion activity in soil solution was estimated using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model VII (WHAM-VII) and the Baker soil test. Approximately 91, 81, 75, 94 and 70% of the variability in Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu content, respectively, of spinach could be described by a FIAM using an estimate of the free ion activity of the metals provided by WHAM-VII. Owing to the different concentration of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) used in the present experiment, higher prediction coefficients were obtained using EDTA (0.05 M), rather than DTPA (0.005 M), as the metal extractant in an integrated solubility-FIAM model. Out of three formulations, the FIAM, based on free ion activity of metals in soil pore water, determined from solution extracted with Rhizon samplers, was distinctly superior to the other formulations in predicting metal uptake by spinach and wheat. A safe level of extractable metal in soil was prescribed using a hazard quotient derived from predicted plant metal content and estimated dietary intake of wheat and spinach by a human population.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12665-021-09988-7.

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Hazard potential of perovskite solar cell technology for potential implementation of "safe-by-design" approach.

Publications

Hazard potential of perovskite solar cell technology for potential implementation of "safe-by-design" approach.

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